March 20 Assignment Review and take notes on the following slides. Read Frederick Jackson Turner’s Frontier Thesis --access this on Mr. Bushhouse’s website: jbushhouse.weebly.com (Unit 6, “Analyze Turner’s Frontier Thesis”) --Answer the questions in the grey boxes on a separate sheet of paper as you read. Complete “The Turner Thesis Assessment” At 2:00 you will answer a practice SAQ on the West Turn in all assignments at the end of class (Turner Thesis questions, assessment, and SAQ)

Unit 6 Extending Manifest Destiny & its Consequences Reading Quiz #11—Wednesday, March 21 Reading Quiz #12—Monday, March 26 Unit 6 Exam—Wednesday, March 28

Unit 6 Essential Question What role should the United States play in the political, social, and economic affairs of other countries?

Westward Expansion vs. Imperialism? What is imperialism? a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force Could westward expansion on the North American continent be considered imperialism? Why/why not? Is there a reason why the term “imperialism” is not often used in this context?

How did settlement in the west following the Civil War influence the development of an American Identity?

The Last Frontier Different groups of settlers moved west between 1865-1900.

Gold Rush & Chinese Immigration 1849--Gold Rush in California (Other metal deposits included Comstock Load, ets…) Rapid increase in Chinese immigration--led to the Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882 1st major act to restrict immigration on the basis of race and nationality

Federal Government & Expansion Homestead Act (1862): Promoted settlement of the Great Plains by offering 160 acres of free public land to any person/family who farmed it for 5 years Benefits? Drawbacks? Morrill Land Grant Act (1862): land that states could use to establish/maintain agricultural and technical colleges Can you think of any examples?

Transcontinental Railroad Complete--5/10/1869 What are the consequences? (good and bad) Political Social Economic Environmental

Federal Gov’t vs. Native Americans Politicians tried to pacify tribes with treaties. Treaty of Ft. Laramie, 1851--Tribes got $50,000 a year for 50 years in order for the gov’t to have the rights to build roads & forts on native lands Treaty of Ft. Atkinson, 1853--Attempt to establish peace between Plains Indians and facilitate building of transcontinental RR **Beginning of the reservation system out west** 1868-1890--constant warfare between Indians and federal government

Sand Creek Massacre--1864 Surprise attack by US troops on Cheyenne During peace negotiations Indians attempted to surrender but US Forces continued to attack Killed over 200 Cheyenne tribe members Led to increased fighting (aka Plains Wars) Although--Natives also initiated attacks Fetterman Massacre--indian forces defeated federal troops in Wyoming

Battle of Little Bighorn General George Custer leads expedition into Black Hills (S. Dakota) Reports Discovery of GOLD in Sioux Territory --gold rush into Sioux territory --Sioux attack “invaders” (Sitting Bull leader of Sioux tribe) --Custer’s 7th Cavalry sent in to “bring peace” Custer’s troops wiped out at Little Bighorn; all 264 killed

The End of the Buffalo Buffalo rapidly disappearing Professional buffalo hunters, seeking hides Some killed for sport, leaving carcasses to rot Railroad companies paid sharpshooters to kill buffalo on tracks US Army encouraged killing to force N.A. back onto reservations 1865- 15 million buffalo on plains 1885- fewer than 1000 The End of the Buffalo

A Century of Dishonor 1880’s national consciousness awakening Helen Hunt Jackson- A Century of Dishonor Christianize the Indians Turn them into productive farmers Integrate them as citizens Assimilation Hardliners insisted on forced containment

Problems with Assimilation Christian missionaries--didn’t respect traditional culture Ghost Dances--designed to bring unity and hope Wounded Knee Massacre US troops attack group gathered for Ghost Dance Sitting Bull Killed 200 Lakota men, women, children killed

Native American Children & Assimilation “Kill the Indian, Save the Man”

Dawes Severalty Act--1887 Ends reservation policy- marks shift in Indian policy Provisions Dissolves many tribes as legal entities Wiped out tribal joint ownership of land Individual family heads given 160 acres of land Full title ownership given in 25 years if behaved Leftover reservation land sold, money used to educate and “civilize’ Indians Missionaries and teachers sent to reservations to Christianize and teach women to sew and keep house