7x7x7 Paraphrasing Method Lesson Materials Supporting Document: Terry Fox Paraphrase 7x7x7 handouts Janice GT Penner pennerj@douglascollege.ca www.AACE-English.com

Session Overview Review a 7 step process Review “thought groups” Review 7 paraphrase strategies Analyze Description Analyze good and poor Review 7 important reminders Apply the Strategies

Paraphrasing Review Discuss with a partner: What is paraphrasing? When do we paraphrase? Why do we paraphrase? How do we “change the words”? List at least 7 strategies for “how”

7 Steps of Paraphrasing Put these steps in order ___ Compare the original with your paraphrase ___ Recognize source (in bracket/sentence) __1_Be sure you understand the text and that it suits your purpose ___ Break the sentences into meaningful thought groups (AKA grammatical chunks) ___ Change the wording (see 7 strategies) ___ Cross out unnecessary info/details ___ Circle the key words/ specific vocabulary for topic

Answers: 7 possible Paraphrasing Steps _6 Compare the original with your paraphrase _7 Recognize source (in bracket/sentence) _1_Be sure you understand the text and that it suits your purpose _4_ Break the sentences into meaningful thought groups (AKA grammatical chunks) _5_ Change the wording (see 7 strategies) _2_ Cross out unnecessary info/details _3_ Circle the key words/ specific vocabulary for topic

What do you know about this topic? Image Source: Terry Fox Foundation

Review: Thought Groups Discuss: What are thought groups? Task: Excerpt from “Terry’s Goals and Your Goals” Read the sentences and put a slash (/) where you think each thought group ends. To help you, read out loud. Cross out the info you would NOT need if you were paraphrasing this source for a paragraph about Terry Fox.

Thought groups - example Terry loved sports/ and he wanted to make his school basketball team / more than anything. Despite his small size / his grade 8 physical education teacher /noticed “this little guy / who worked his rear off.” What do you notice about TG?

Put a slash / for the thought groups Source: “Terry’s Goals and Your Goals” After three practices his coach suggested to him that he should take on another sport Terry was determined to get better and make the team He went to school early every morning and stayed late afterwards so that he could practice.

In grade 12 Terry and his friend Doug Alward shared the Athlete of the Year award. Terry even went on to play basketball at Simon Fraser.

Suggested Thought Groups After three practices / his coach suggested to him / that he should take on another sport / Terry was determined to get better / and make the team / He went to school early every morning / and stayed late afterwards / so that he could practice.

Suggested Thought Groups In grade 12 / Terry and his friend Doug Alward /shared the Athlete of the Year award./ Terry even went on to play basketball /at Simon Fraser University.

Ex: Cross out unnecessary info Terry loved sports/ and he wanted to make his school basketball team / more than anything. Despite his small size / his grade 8 physical education teacher /noticed “this little guy / who worked his rear off.”/ After three practices / his coach suggested to him / that he should take on another sport / Terry was determined to get better / and make the team / He went to school early every morning / and stayed late afterwards / so that he could practice.

7 Common Strategies: Description Refer to handout: 7 Strategies for Paraphrasing: Description Read the original article first (left column) Then, read the original with the paraphrase The bold faced words highlight the strategy. The underlined words are KEY WORDS that needn’t be changed. Source: Constantineau, Bruce (2013, July 4). “Terry Fox Marathon of Hope artifacts to be displayed at national museum in Ottawa.” Vancouver Sun. retrieved www.vancouversun.com

Student Handout excerpt 7 Common Strategies Noticing the Thought Groups (bold on handout) Using colors to indicate Thought Groups Noting the key words that needn’t be changed 1. Use Synonyms Original Some 200,000 artifacts from Terry Fox’s incredible Marathon of Hope have been securely stored at a nondescript Burnaby warehouse for the past two years (Constantineau, 2013). Paraphrase Since 2011, about 200,000 of the items Terry Fox used during the Marathon of Hope have been kept safely in a storage facility in Burnaby (Constantineau, 2013.

Identifying Strategies Intro The sentences in these next 2 tasks are an introduction about Betty Fox, Terry’s mother. It was spoken by George Stroumboulopoulos before his TV interview with her in 2010. “If a child is a product of their parents, then Betty Fox must be a pretty amazing woman” (CBC, 2010). source: www.cbc.ca/strombo/guests (2010.)

Identifying Strategies Instructions Read the original and put slashes (/) to identify the Thought Groups. Read the Paraphrase Identify and list which strategies were used. If possible on your own handout, use color to help you analyze the two texts. Students work on hard copy. For debriefing, the suggested analysis follows each slide.

Identifying Strategies Example Original: “Thirty years ago, her son Terry, captivated the nation with his ‘Marathon of Hope’ running across Canada to raise money and awareness for cancer research” (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase: Canadians were fascinated when Terry, Betty Fox’s son, ran across the country in his ‘Marathon of Hope’ to get attention and money for cancer research three decades ago (CBC, 2010).

Example Suggested Analysis Changed order of ideas Time Changed expression of numbers Thirty years ago  three decades ago Word Forms Running across Canada  ran across the country Synonyms & idea/word order to raise money and awareness  get attention and money

1. Identifying Strategies 1. Original: “Terry said, ‘We can find a cure if we really try.’ It was a public campaign, but a personal mission” (CBC, 2010) Paraphrase: Terry worked publicly to reach his personal goal of finding a cure (CBC, 2010).

1. Suggested Analysis 1. Original: “Terry said, ‘We can find a cure if we really try.’ It was a public campaign, but a personal mission” (CBC, 2010) Paraphrase: Terry worked publicly to reach his personal goal of finding a cure (CBC, 2010). Changed direct quote to making a point Order of ideas Word form - find a cure –> finding a cure public  publicly Synonym mission  goal Combined ideas

2. Identifying Strategies 2. Original: “Terry was diagnosed with bone cancer and had his right leg amputated at eighteen” (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase: After the doctors identified bone cancer, they removed his right leg (CBC, 2010).

2. Suggested analysis Voice – passive  Active 2. Original: “Terry was diagnosed with bone cancer and had his right leg amputated at eighteen” (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase: After the doctors identified bone cancer, they removed his right leg (CBC, 2010). Voice – passive  Active Synonym - amputated  removed Combined ideas  time clause Deleted info - Age of 18 (optional) isn’t as important in context because of the info in the next sentence

3. Identifying Strategies 3. Original: “Three years later, on April 12, 1980, he set off on his cross-country journey from Newfoundland” (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase: When he was 21 years old, he started his trip across Canada from Newfoundland on April 12, 1980 (CBC, 2010).

3. Suggested Analysis Order of ideas – date Expression of numbers 3. Original: “Three years later, on April 12, 1980, he set off on his cross-country journey from Newfoundland” (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase: When he was 21 years old, he started his trip across Canada from Newfoundland on April 12, 1980 (CBC, 2010). Order of ideas – date Expression of numbers Synonyms - set off on journey started trip Word Forms – cross-country journey  trip across Canada

Evaluating Paraphrases Example Original: “He made it one hundred and forty-three days, and five thousand two hundred and eighty kilometers before he had to stop in Thunder Bay. The cancer had spread to his lungs” (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase: After 143 days, his lungs were hurting, so he stopped in Thunder Bay for treatment there.

Suggested Analysis - Example Original: “He made it one hundred and forty-three days, and five thousand two hundred and eighty kilometers before he had to stop in Thunder Bay. The cancer had spread to his lungs” (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase: After 143 days, his lungs were hurting, so he stopped in Thunder Bay for treatment there. Poor synonym – lungs hurting is not the same as cancer Added Wrong info – does not say was treated Deleted info – 5,280 KM is important Good - time phrase & connecting word (so), changed numbers

1. Paraphrase Evaluation Original “Terry died nine months later, but left an indelible mark” (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase Nine months after Terry passed away, his grade was unforgettable (CBC, 2010).

1. Suggested Analysis Changed the meaning Original “Terry died nine months later, but left an indelible mark” (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase Nine months after Terry passed away, his grade was unforgettable (CBC, 2010). Changed the meaning Time is wrong - he died after nine months he stopped running. bnot 9 months a Poor synonym – mark = impact - not grade

2. Paraphrase Evaluation Original: “He raised more than twenty-three million dollars for cancer research, and the annual Terry Fox Run has now raised more than four million dollars around the world” (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase: There is a Terry Fox Run and it raises $23 M in Canada and above $400 M in the world for cancer research every year (CBC, 2010).

2. Suggested Analysis Missing source info Original: “He raised more than twenty-three million dollars for cancer research, and the annual Terry Fox Run has now raised more than four million dollars around the world” (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase: There is a Terry Fox Run and it raises $23 M in Canada and above $400 M in the world for cancer research every year. Missing source info Changed meaning - He (in 1980) raised $23 M $400 M was raised between 1980 and 2010 Changed Tense which added to wrong meaning

3. Paraphrase Evaluation Original: “Terry will always be a national hero, which is why many campaigned to have Betty light the Olympic flame cauldron at the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Games” (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase: I agree with many people that Terry Fox’s mother should have lit the fire pot at the 2010 Olympic Games because Terry is a Canadian here (CBC, 2010).

3. Suggested Analysis Added Opinion Original: “Terry will always be a national hero, which is why many campaigned to have Betty light the Olympic flame cauldron at the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Games” (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase: I agree with many people that Terry Fox’s mother should have lit the fire pot at the 2010 sports competition because Terry is a Canadian here (CBC, 2010). Added Opinion Key words not kept  cauldron, Olympic Games Spelling - here should be hero

4. Paraphrase Evaluation Original: That honour went to Wayne Gretzky, but Betty was one of the eight chosen to carry the Canadian flag at the Olympic opening ceremonies (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase: Wayne Gretzky lit the cauldron, so Betty chose eight people to carry a flag in the 2010 Olympic Games opening ceremony (CBC, 2010).

4. Suggested Analysis Original: That honour went to Wayne Gretzky, but Betty was one of the eight chosen to carry the Canadian flag at the Olympic opening ceremonies (CBC, 2010). Paraphrase: Wayne Gretzky lit the cauldron, so Betty chose eight people to carry a flag in the 2010 Olympic Games opening ceremony (CBC, 2010). Changed meaning  Betty was chosen not Betty chose Deleted important detail  A flag  Canadian flag At the Olympic Games, there are many flags

Your Turn Using the strategies, write better paraphrases for these 4 “poor” ones.

7 x 7 x 7 Method 7 x 7 x7 Paraphrasing Method Summary Refer to handout 7 x 7 x7 Paraphrasing Method Summary Keep this summary handy Refer to it until you “master” this skill 

Extension tasks - suggestions Very Focused Sentence practice with Self-Analysis Guided Summary Guided Paragraph Development Guided Research Writing Others? (see last page Terry Fox Paraphrase 7x7x7 Handouts)

Sources CBC. (2010). The Bio. Betty Fox. www.cbc.ca/strombo/guests Constantineau, B. (2013 July 4). Terry Fox Marathon of Hope artifacts to be displayed at national museum in Ottawa. Retrieved from www.vancouversun.com The Terry Fox Foundation (2017) “Terry’s Goals and Your Goals”. BLM P – 29. retrieved from National Lesson Plans. http://www.terryfox.org/schoolrun/educators_organizers/national-lesson-plans/ Images: Terry Fox Foundation

www.AACE-English.com Janice GT Penner