TOPIC 1:TECTONIC PROCESSES AND HAZARDS (Lesson 19)

Why do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters? ENQUIRY QUESTION 2: Why do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters?

Do the key term word sort- STARTER ACTIVITY Do the key term word sort- Test each other Have fun! 5 mins

Last lesson objective To understand what a tectonic hazard profile is. To be able to compare and contrast different tectonic hazards for actual events.

TECTONIC HAZARD (EVENT) PROFILES A tectonic hazard profile is a diagram that shows the main physical characteristics of different types of tectonic hazard. It could be developed for a single hazard or it could show multiple hazards, allowing comparisons to be made. Hazard profiles help governments and other organisations to develop disaster plans.

Today’s specification content: 1.6 Development and Governance are important in understanding disaster impact and vulnerability and resilience. a) Inequality of access to education , housing , healthcare and income opportunities can influence vulnerability and resilience. b) Governance (‘Players’- local and national government ) and geographical factors ( population density, isolation and accessibility, degree of urbanisation) influence vulnerability and a community’s resilience. c) Contrasting hazard events in developed, emerging and developing countries to show the interaction of physical factors and the significance of context in influencing the scale of disaster.

Lesson objectives To understand the relationship between development and governance in terms of disaster impact and vulnerability To compare and contrast three natural disasters in countries of different levels of economic development

DEVELOPMENT , DISASTER IMPACT AND VULNERABILITY( P.91)

WHITEBOARD PAIRED WORK What does the term ‘inequality’ mean to you? INEQUALITY: An unfair situation or distribution of assets and resources. It may also be used when people, nations and non- state players( ranging from TNCs to international agencies) have different levels of authority, competence and outcomes.

INEQUALITY…..

Inequality :Rich /Poor in Mumbai, India…

DEVELOPMENT AND GOVERNANCE: DISASTER IMPACT AND VULNERABILITY In the ‘root cause’ phase of the PAR model, the MOST IMPORTANT CAUSES are those which have an economic, demographic or a political foundation. In DEVELOPING AND RECENTLY EMERGING COUNTRIES , people tend to have LESS POWER over their socio- political and physical environments than the more wealthy. As a result of this difference, RISK VULNERABILITY IS GREATER FOR THEM. HOW CAN THIS BE EXPLAINED?

1. People and communities in developing and recently emerging countries only have access to livelihoods and resources that are insecure and difficult.

2.People and communities in developing and emerging countries are likely to be a LOW PRIORITY for government interventions intended to deal with hazard mitigation ( i.e. reducing the effects of hazards)

3.People who are economically and politically ‘ on the edge’ are more likely to stop trusting their own methods for self protection and to lose confidence in their own local knowledge… This means that they rely MORE on government help , which may not work very well for them or their families…

4. People’s BASIC HEALTH and NUTRITIONAL STATUS correlates strongly with their ability to survive disruptions to their livelihood and normal well being. This is an IMPORTANT MEASURE OF RESILIENCE when dealing with the EXTERNAL SHOCK FROM HAZARD EVENTS….

THERE IS A CLEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITION AND DISEASE ESPECIALLY AFTER A HAZARD IMPACT WHEN PEOPLE ARE FORCED TO LIVE IN CLOSE PROXIMITY WITH ONE ANOTHER..

There are several elements of development that relate to vulnerability and disaster risk which broadly fit into a sustainable framework.. 1. An economic component dealing with the creation of wealth and improvement of quality of life . 2. A social dimension in terms of health, education, housing and employment opportunities.

3. An environmental dimension which has a duty of care for resource usage and distribution, now and in the future. 4.A political component including values such as human rights, political freedom and democracy.

TASKS 1.Examine table 2.4 ‘The development – disaster relationship’. Explain how the level of development and other human activities related to development may both CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS DISASTERS but may also REDUCE DISASTER RISK. ( 4 marks) 2.Read the case study information on the aftermath of the Haiti earthquake. Explain how low levels of development are often at the root cause of such disasters. 10 mins