ASIA Conflict & Change (Nationalism & Independence) The History of Vietnam/Vietnam War FSMS Standard SS7H3.a

ASIA Nationalism & independence SS7H3 – The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia leading to the 21st century. a. Describe how nationalism led to independence in India and Vietnam. d. Describe the impact of communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen Square.

FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: Two weeks to Spring Vacation. 7th Grade GMAS Tests start 1st week of May. Standard: Analyze continuity and change in S&EA leading to the 21st century as it relates to the History of Indian & Vietnam. Essential Question for Monday 3/19/18: What caused Ho Chi Minh and North Vietnam to declare war against the U.S.A.? Warm Up: Which was the first major power to fight Ho Chi Minh? Today We Will: Finish history of Vietnam

ANSWERS E.Q. Answer for Monday 3/19/18: The U.S. reneged on an agreement to hold open elections in Vietnam to unify the country, choose its leaders and form of government. Warm-Up Answer: France was the first country to fight against Vietnamese independence starting in December 1946.

FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: Today is the 1st Day of Spring in the northern hemisphere and the 1st day of autumn in the southern hemisphere. Standard: Analyze continuity and change in S&EA leading to the 21st century as it relates to the History of Indian & Vietnam. Essential Question for Tuesday 3/20/18: What made fighting the Vietnam war so difficult for U.S.A.? Warm Up: How did the U.S. policy of containment effect our decision to fight the Vietnam War? Today We Will: Finish history of Vietnam War

answers E.Q. Answer for Tuesday 3/20/18: Vietnam was fighting for their independence. They were fighting in their country. Finally, they had just successfully fought against the French less than 10 years earlier. Warm-Up Answer: U.S. policy of Containment was THE reason the U.S. fought the Vietnam War as they tried to stop the spread of Communism in Southeast Asia.

FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: Pop-Quiz Friday on Communism, the Cold War, & the Vietnam War. Study Guides go home TODAY. Standard: Analyze continuity and change in S&EA leading to the 21st century as it relates to the History of Indian & Vietnam. Essential Question for Wednesday 3/21/18: How did the U.S. end the Vietnam War? Warm Up: How are Gandhi and Ho Chi Minh similar? How are they different? Today We Will: Finish history of Vietnam War Start history of China

ANSWERS E.Q. Answer for Wednesday 3/21/18: The U.S. withdrew its armed forces on April 30, 1975. Warm-Up Answer: Similarities Both led their countries to independence Both started political parties to support their independence movements Differences Gandhi believed in nonviolent protest Gandhi also believed in democracy Ho Chi Minh defeated the French & U.S.A. in wars of independence He was also a confirmed Communist

ASIA HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS In 1954 the French were defeated and Ho Chi Minh gained control. All parties to the conflict went to Geneva, Switzerland for a conference to end French involvement in Vietnam. At this Geneva Conference the U.S. became alarmed at the prospect of Ho Chi Minh ruling Vietnam.

ASIA HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS The U.S. feared that a communist Vietnam would lead other countries in the area to become communist. This was known as the Domino Theory (if one country fell to communism, all the others around it would fall as well).

ASIA HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS The U.S. used its influence to have Vietnam divided into two parts; Ho Chi Minh was in charge of the north and the U.S. was in control of the south. The plan was to stabilize the country and then allow the people to vote on the type of government they wanted to have.

ASIA HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS Secretly the U.S. hoped to find someone they could put up as a democratic alternative to Ho Chi Minh, so the country could be reunited, as a democracy rather than the communist state planned by Ho Chi Minh. It soon became clear that any election held by the Vietnamese people would end with Ho Chi Minh and the communist winning. Therefore, the U. S. reneged on the agreement to hold open elections.

ASIA HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS This decision infuriated the communist North Vietnamese and war quickly followed. The U.S. #1 concern in fighting the Vietnam War was stopping the spread of communism. This was based on the U.S. policy of “Containment”. (Stopping the spread of Communism by containment to the countries where it currently existed)

ASIA HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS As war broke out and years went by the Vietnamese people became more anxious to have independence. Many in the U.S. controlled South Vietnam sympathized with those of the north, seeing them as fellow countrymen rather than as the enemy.

ASIA HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS Feelings of nationalism among the Vietnamese people were more important than ideas about what political system they should have. After many years of fighting (20 years,180 days), the loss of over 58,000 U.S. servicemen and woman, plus thousands more lives lost among the North & South Vietnamese the U.S. withdrew its forces from Vietnam in April 1975.

ASIA HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS Ho Chi Minh’s forces took over the country the very next day. His first steps were; To unify the north and south Into the Republic of Vietnam. (Communist government) While the country remains communist today, most of the other countries in the region did not adopt a communist style government.

ASIA HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS Today Vietnam is a valued trading partner and ally of the United States. U.S. citizens regularly travel to Vietnam for business and pleasure. The Vietnam War Memorial in Washington, D.C. has the names of over 58,272 service men and women who lost their lives serving in the Vietnam War.

ASIA HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS Official United States involvement in the Vietnam War started; November 1, 1955 thru April 30, 1975 Total time of war was 19 years, 6 months The longest War in U.S. history (2nd longest is the Afghanistan War which will be 16 years in October 2018).

ASIA HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS Vietnam’s official involvement in both wars; December 19, 1946 thru August 1, 1954 for the 1st Indochina War versus France The 2nd Indochina War (a.k.a. the Vietnam War versus the USA was 11/1/55 thru 4/30/75 Estimates of deaths and casualties over 1million Total time of both wars was 29 years, 6 months