INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AND ITS APPLICATION

Basics of computer and ICT ICT components ICT for development ICT: Implementation Opportunity and Challenges for Nepal ICT: Legal Frameworks and policies

Picture Game [5Min] Draw any thing that represents Information Technology

Information and Communication Technology It encompasses any: Medium to record information-magnetic disk/tape , optical disks, flash memory etc. Technology for broadcasting information-radio, television,etc. Technology for communicating through voice and sound or images-microphone, camera, loudspeaker, telephone to cellular phones

ICT / IT Components Hardware Technology : Tangible component of computer system Software Technology : Intangible components driving hardware Network Technology : Components that enable exchange of data/information Database Technology : Components related to data/information storage Users : Expert Users and Normal Users IT acts and policies

Digital revolution has brought many private benefits A typical day in the life of the internet SOURCE: WDR 2016 team; http://www.internetlivestats.com/one-second/ (As compiled on May 29, 2015)

Why ICT Major benefits to institutions Reach of Information Rich Information Performance to process information Flow in information in both direction of value chain For driving institutions in terms of Driving organizational processes Decision making and problem solving Governance

Data-Information-Knowledge

Why ICT Delivering Services Services with reduced cost (Cost per transaction) Exchange of transactions Integration and Interoperability Paperless Governance Engage Citizens Learning and Growth

ICT for Development (Sustainable) ICT4SD Improve ICT across the 4C dimensions 1. Computing 2. Connectivity 3. Content 4. Capacity (human)

1. Computing Innovation in hardware and software such as sensors, control systems Devices become more affordable, rugged with low maintenance, security efforts and other specialized skills Easier to use in localized language, IVR, pictures

Connectivity Get connections at affordable prices •Universal access to new networking and business models (may be with PPP) •Integration of ICT and media (mobile, TV, radio, social media)

Content Provide relevant content (value) to end users Locally customized content Enable users to be producer of content (not only consumer)

Capacity (human) Awareness, beyond social, cultural and economic barriers Literacy (child and women) Development of appropriate regulatory legal framework and supply chain

Challenges: IM’s Confidentiality : Requires information in a computer system only be accessible for reading by authorized parties Integrity : Assets can be modified by authorized parties only Availability: Assets be available to authorized parties Authenticity: Requires that a computer system be able to verify the identity of a user

Challenges: Digital Divide Awareness: People must know what can be done with ICT; they must also be open to using ICT Availability: ICT must be offered within reasonable proximity ,with appropriate hardware/software Accessibility: relates to the ability to use the ICT (spanning literacy,e-literacy, language, interfaces,etc.) Affordability: All ICT usage together should, ideally, be only a few percent of one’s income (under 10% maximum on average fortotal costs of ownership–TCO)