Information Age C2 Concepts David S. Alberts Director, Research and Strategic Planning, OASD(C3I)

Agenda Why Revisit C2 Origin and Evolution of Cn The Essence of C2 Enduring C2 Principles Spectrum of C2 Approaches Industrial Age C2 Characteristics of the Information Age Information Age DoD Focus on Agility Information Age Force Management Concepts

Why Revisit C2? Nature of DoD Transformation Co-Evolution of MCPs Industrial Age Constraints

Why Revisit C2? Nature of DoD Transformation

Why Revisit C2? Co-Evolution of MCP

Why Revisit C2? Industrial Age C2 constrains potential effectiveness

Why Revisit C2?

Why Revisit C2?

Origin of Cn & its Usage Over Time Started with Command “The first qualification in a general is a cool head - that is, a head which receives accurate impressions, and estimates things and objects at their real value.”

Origin of Cn & its Usage Over Time Command Control Communications Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance

Origin of Cn & its Usage Over Time Command Control Communications Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance

Origin of Cn & its Usage Over Time Command Control Communications Computers Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance

Essence of C2 Role of command Relationships among force participants Philosophy of control.

Operating Environment Enduring Principles Cognitive Domain Sensemaking Understanding Command Intent Awareness Battlespace Information Domain Management Information Systems Physical Domain Battlespace Monitoring Synchronization Operating Environment

Spectrum of C2 Approaches

Industrial Age C2 Specialized bureaucracies

Industrial Age C2 Hierarchies

Industrial Age C2 Functional differentiation

Industrial Age C2: Stovepipes

Industrial Age C2 Interchangeable parts

Industrial Age C2 Control by plan

Implications of Industrial Age C2 & Information Sharing Collaboration Social Networking

Industrial Age C2 Characteristics Synchronous /sequential /cyclical Inflexible Fragile Simple control [plan minus fog/friction] Deconfliction as a goal Optimization

Attributes of Information Age Security Environment Information Age Organization

Attributes of Information Age Security Environment Full mission spectrum [beyond combat to full mission spectrum] Complex missions [military part of a larger team EBO v. attrition] Dynamic situations [ROE changes, strategic corporal] Requires agility

Attributes of Information Age Information Age Organization Information available from everywhere [post v. pull] Asynchronous in time/space Dynamic virtual task organizations Collaborative interactions among participants Widespread information sharing within/without Role management Creates/modifies conditions of ROE Communicates intent Supports edge Provide requisite agility

Information Age C2: Tenets of NCW A robustly networked force improves information sharing Information sharing and collaboration enhance: the quality of information and shared situational awareness Shared situational awareness enables self-synchronization These, in turn, dramatically increase mission effectiveness

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Information Age C2 Control as an emergent property

Enduring Principles Battlespace Awareness Decisionmaking Battle Management

Enduring Principles

Information Age C2 Power at the Center

Information Age C2 Power to the Edge

Conclusions Information Age C2 concepts needed to satisfy demands of Information Age security challenges Networked relationships Bring all information to bear Bring all assets to bear Ability to be agile Ability to be proactive