Diploid and haploid phases of the life cycle

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Presentation transcript:

Diploid and haploid phases of the life cycle

Results from Mendel’s experimental monohybrid cross Punnett square Segregation of alleles

Prediction for Mendel’s experimental dihybrid cross

Dihybrid cross results Independent assortment of loci

Meiosis At which stage do daughter cells become haploid? Where do segregation of alleles and independent assortment of loci occur?

Independent assortment of loci on different chromosomes Minimum number of gamete types = 2n In humans, n = 23 Gamete types from mother: 8,388,608 Gamete types from father: 8,388,608 Maximum chance that two children from the same parents will be identical: 1/70 trillion

Mendelian genetics explained by meiosis Segregation of alleles Independent assortment of loci

Mitosis vs. meiosis Mitosis Meiosis asexual sexual any cell diploid cell no pairing homologs pair daughters same as parents daughters haploid; parents diploid

NON-independent assortment of loci Linkage NON-independent assortment of loci

Recombination Crossing over Re-shuffles linked alleles