The Dred Scott Case and the Election of 1860

Objectives: by the end of the next two classes, students will be able to: Summarize the issues involved in the Dred Scott case and analyze the effects it would have on the nation. Analyze and describe the results of the Election of 1860 and how these results would directly lead to Southern secession.

The Dred Scott Case ( Also known as Scott v. Sandford) Dred Scott was a slave whose owner at one point had moved with him into a free territory. Scott sued for his freedom on the basis that since his owner had travelled with him to a free territory, he himself was in fact free. The free territory that he had taken Scott was Fort Armstrong in Illinois. Illinois, a free state, had been free as a territory under the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, and had prohibited slavery in its constitution in 1819 when it was admitted as a state. His case made it all the way to the United States Supreme Court. (Scott v. Sandford) The Supreme Court ruled against Dred Scott.

The Dred Scott Case ( Also known as Scott v. Sandford) It argued that since Dred Scott was a slave, he could not sue in federal court as he was not a citizen of the United States The Supreme Court also declared that all African-Americans were not citizens of the United States The Supreme Court also ruled that since slaves were considered property and not human beings, their owners could travel wherever they wanted with their property

The Dred Scott Case ( Also known as Scott v. Sandford) Since Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in the territories, the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, thus opening up slavery to the entire nation. The Dred Scott decision was a major victory for the South and a tremendous loss for the North. What power did the Supreme Court use in Dred Scott v. Sandford? Judicial Review!! Dred Scott Case Scott v. Sandford

Student practice/application 1. Pair up with a classmate 2. Read pages 494-498 in your American history textbook. 3.. Complete all Checkpoint questions between pages 494-498 in your American History textbook. 3. Complete Check Your Progress questions 1-2 on page 498 of your American History textbook. 4. Complete Exit Ticket Question

The Election of 1860 and its aftermath

Objectives: by the end of the next two classes, students will be able to: Recall the issues involved in the Dred Scott case and summarize the effects it would have on the nation from our previous class. Analyze and describe the results of the Election of 1860 and how these results would directly lead to Southern secession.

The election of 1860 Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln Democrats split Northern Democrats – Stephen Douglas Southern Democrats – John Breckenridge New party named Constitutional Union Party chose John Bell (moderate who wanted to keep the Union) Lincoln was elected as President.

Election of 1860

The Election of 1860

Election of 1860 reaction Southerners believed that the election of Lincoln meant the South no longer had a voice in government In Dec. of 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede (break away from Union) In 1861- Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas also seceded. They formed the nation the Confederate States of America There was nothing that President- elect Lincoln could do to stop these states from seceding, as he had not been inaugurated yet. The current President, James Buchanan, chose to do nothing to stop these states from seceding. Jefferson Davis became their president. Election of 1860

The Confederate States of America

The election of 1860 and the end of peace in the united states When Lincoln took office he said, “In YOUR hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in MINE, is the momentous issue of civil war…We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.” – Lincoln, First Inaugural Address Unfortunately for Lincoln, these bonds of affection would not be enough to keep the nation out of war. Soon after, the South would attack Ft. Sumter and the official start of the American Civil War would commence. ". . . it presents the question whether discontented individuals too few in numbers to control administration according to organic law in any case, can always upon the pretenses made in this case, or on any other pretense, break up their government, and thus practically put an end to free government upon the earth. It forces us to ask: Is there, in all republics, this inherent and fatal weakness? Must a government, of necessity be too strong for the liberties of its own people or too weak to maintain its own existence?" Lincoln - July 4, 1861 following Ft. Sumter Up Next : The American Civil War

Student practice/ application 1. Pair up with a classmate 2. Read pages 499-503 in your American history textbook. 3.. Complete all Checkpoint questions between pages 499-503 in your American History textbook. 3. Complete Check Your Progress questions 1-2 on page 503 of your American History textbook. 4. Complete Exit Ticket Question