The Cold War: Post-WWII Era
Political Results of World War II Germany, Italy & Japan met complete military defeat Their totalitarian systems were overthrown
Political Results of World War II Great Britain and France declined as world powers & gradually relinquished their empires
Political Results of World War II The U.S. and the Soviet Union emerged as major world powers & soon came into conflict The Cold War The Soviet Union acquired an empire of Communist satellite nations
Political Results of World War II Iron Curtain represented Europe’s division into mostly democratic Western Europe and communist Eastern Europe
Political Results of World War II The atomic age created problems of achieving international control of atomic weapons & delivery systems
Political Results of World War II To preserve peace, the Allies formed a new international organization The United Nations
Steps: United Nations Atlantic Charter (1941) Stated that Britain & the United States: Desired no territorial gain Respected the right of all peoples to choose their own government Believed that nations must abandon the use of force Seek to establish a system of general security – implying an international organization
Steps: United Nations Yalta Conference (Feb, 1945) Decisions Divided Germany & Berlin into 4 zones Stalin agreed to free elections in Eastern Europe (but Stalin doesn’t follow through!) Procedures for voting in the United Nations Allies to send delegates to San Francisco to prepare the United Nations charter
Steps: United Nations San Francisco Conference (April-June, 1945) Completed the United Nations Charter The United States would provide the headquarters for the United Nations in New York City
Purpose: United Nations Maintain international peace & security Use collective action to remove threats & suppress acts of aggression Develop friendly relations among nations Promote respect for human rights without distinction as to race, sex or religion Encourage international cooperation to solve economic, social, cultural & humanitarian problems
Organization: United Nations General Assembly Consists of all member nations Totals 193 nations
Organization: United Nations Security Council Consists of 15 members FIVE permanent members (original members: United States, Great Britain, France, Soviet Union and China) TEN non-permanent members Elected by the General Assembly for 2-year terms Voting must be approved by 9 members (5 must be permanent)
Organization: United Nations Powers of the Security Council Investigate disputes that endanger world peace Make recommendations for peaceful settlement If necessary, call upon the members of the UN to take economic or military action against an aggressor nation