March 12, Week # 9 NB-101 Learning Target: I will Homework: Agenda: Analyze my quarterly test Set a new goal for class Homework: NB Night Script NB-101 Agenda: Announcements Quarterly results Evolution vocab Make up work Essential Question: What will you do to improve your knowledge of life science?

Announcements Photographer training: Monday, March 15 3PM Website training: Tuesday, March 16 3 PM Bring your notebook and text book to class! If you forgot both days this week I will contact your parents if you forget again! Are you a musician with recorded music? Do you want it to be heard on the class website? Submit it to Ms. Wood and the website coordinator could choose YOUR music to be heard by everyone!

Announcements Bring your notebook and text book to class! If you forgot both days this week I will contact your parents if you forget again! Notebook detentions must be completed by Tuesday! Created a new class role: notebook caretaker This person will make sure the notebook is up to date with the table of contents, handouts, and notes. This person will have their class notes photocopied and placed in the notebook.

Class Roles: You need to choose a role if you want an A or B in citizenship No training, during class Training AND after school Paper passers Equipment/supply passers Room caretakers Tutors Photographers Website helper Word wall/decorator

Text or Notebook Page #:____ The underlined answer is wrong because _____ ___________________ The correct answer is __ because ____________ If a pea plant contains a recessive allele for wrinkled seeds and a dominant allele for smooth seeds, the organism’s phenotype must be: a. not really smooth or wrinkled seeds, a mixture of both traits. b. wrinkled seeds. c. half of the seeds are smooth and half are wrinkled. d. smooth seeds.

Text or Notebook Page #:174-5 The underlined answer is wrong because the wrinkled phenotype is not dominant and all of the seeds will be the same. The correct answer is d because the smooth phenotype is the dominant phenotype and will show. If a pea plant contains a recessive allele for wrinkled seeds and a dominant allele for smooth seeds, the organism’s phenotype must be: a. not really smooth or wrinkled seeds, a mixture of both traits. b. wrinkled seeds. c. half of the seeds are smooth and half are wrinkled. d. smooth seeds.

Evolution Questions Answer the evolution questions on the back of the test corrections

How old is the universe? Our class average= Correct answer= ~15 billion years old

How old is the Earth? Our class average= Correct answer= 4.5 billion years old

How long has there been life on the Earth? Our class average= Correct answer= ~3.5-4 billion years

How old is the human species? Our class average= Correct answer= ~100,000-200,000 years old

Evolutionary theory teaches that humans evolved from monkeys Evolutionary theory teaches that humans evolved from monkeys. True or false? Our class average= Correct answer= False

Scientists believe that whales evolved from land animals. True or false? Our class average= Correct answer= True

Pope John Paul does not approve of the theory of evolution Pope John Paul does not approve of the theory of evolution. True or false? Our class average= Correct answer= False

Major Protestant churches have no problem with the theory of evolution Major Protestant churches have no problem with the theory of evolution. True or false? Our class average= Correct answer= True

Take out NB- 102 Evidence of Evolution

The Four Lines of Evidence for Evolution are: Fossil Record (this is similarity to and between ancient organisms) Embryology (this is similarity in early development) Homologous Structures (this is similarity in body structure) DNA (this is similarity in chemical compounds)

#1: Fossil Record

#1: Fossils Water carries small rock particles to lakes and seas. Dead organisms are buried by layers of sediment, which forms new rock. The preserved remains may later be discovered and studied.

#1: Fossils A fossil is a remnant or trace of an organism from the past. Fossils form in sedimentary rock layers. The older layers on are on the bottom and the younger layers are on the top. The fossil record provides a historical sequence of life on Earth. There are gaps in the fossil record because most organisms do not fossilize.

#1: Fossil

#1: Fossil of Ancient Hyena-Dog vs. Modern Dog

#1: Fossils of Ancient Horses

#1: Similar Fossils in Different Locations

#2: Similarities in Early Development

#2: Similarities in Early Development Embryos of many org. look similar!

#2: Similarities in Early Development www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/odyssey/clips/ Means that embryos of vertebrates share similar genes! But why do these organisms look different now? This is where evolution comes in Small mutations  little by little, organisms look different  Evolution takes a LONG time!!!

#3: Similarities in Body Structure

#3: Homologous Structures Limbs based on similar bone patterns! Turtle Alligator Bird Mammals Typical primitive fish

#3: Similarities in Body Structure When embryos are developing, cells that eventually develop into limbs are similar in some org. But as embryos mature, the limbs grow into arms, legs, wings, and fins.

#3: Homologous Structures Homologous structures = develop from the same body part, but that meet different needs Means that embryos of vertebrates share similar genes! But why do these organisms look different now? This is where evolution comes in Each limb was adapted differently for different organisms

#3: Homologous vs. Analogous Function Different Same Structure Evolutionary origin

#3: Homologous vs. Analogous Remember “intro to evolution” activity…with bat wings that looked like human fingers…instead of butterfly wings? Homologous ? ? Analogous

#3: Vestigial Structures (= traces of an organ or structure)

Traces of Snake “Legs”

#4: Similarities in Chemical Compounds

#4: Similarities in Chemical Compounds All organisms (from bacteria to humans) share many of the same chemical compounds All organisms have DNA to hold genetic info Molecular biology analyses match fossils => MORE evidence to support evolution

#4: Similarities in Chemical Compounds All org. have DNA!!!

#5: Geographic Distribution of Living Species

Geographic Distribution of Living Species Beaver Appearance is very similar! Beaver Muskrat Beaver and Muskrat Coypu Capybara Coypu and Capybara NORTH AMERICA Muskrat Capybara SOUTH AMERICA Coypu

The Four Lines of Evidence for Evolution are: Fossil Record (this is similarity to and between ancient organisms) Embryology (this is similarity in early development) Homologous Structures (this is similarity in body structure) DNA (this is similarity in chemical compounds)

What this all tells us… All this tells us organisms evolved from a common ancestor. Matches Darwin’s conclusion!!! Living organisms evolved through gradual changes of earlier forms => DESCENT FROM A COMMON ANCESTOR!!!

Now match the words to the pictures that describe them Word Sort Find the words: Cladogram Ancestor Evolution Adaptation OR Homologous/analogous Fossil Fossil record Embryo Now match the words to the pictures that describe them

Adaptation: an inherited trait helps an organism survive

Evolution: the process of how organisms gain adaptations over time

Ancestor: an organism from which others descended

Cladogram: displays evolutionary relationships among living species and their ancestors

Homologous and Analogous Structures:

Homologous and Analogous Structures:

Fossil

Fossil Record

Embryo

Homework Read 11.2 (pages 222-225) Complete all questions on page 226 by writing the question and answering in a complete sentence. Finish the test corrections