Chapter 9 THE AGE OF REFORM The American Nation In the Modern Era 3/31/2017 Chapter 9 THE AGE OF REFORM Section 1: The Progressive Movement Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order Section 3: Reforming Society CHAPTER 9--THE AGE OF REFORM

Objectives: Section 1: The Progressive Movement What were the backgrounds of social reform leaders? What issues concerned progressives? What issues did muckrakers address? How did progressive writers and thinkers view American society?

Backgrounds of social reform leaders Section 1: The Progressive Movement Backgrounds of social reform leaders native born middle or upper class usually urban college educated

Progressive issues Section 1: The Progressive Movement reform of industrial practices end to child labor reform of electoral system social justice

Muckraker’s issues Section 1: The Progressive Movement business corruption corruption in urban politics social problems such as slums and child labor racism

Progressive views Section 1: The Progressive Movement Industrial society exploited the weak. Government should use its powers to promote social welfare. Private citizens bear a social responsibility.

Objectives: Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order What workplace problems did progressives target? What were the results of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire? What rulings did the Supreme Court make on labor laws? What were the successes and failures of unions in the early 1900s?

Workplace problems Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order child labor low wages for women long working hours dangerous working conditions no minimum wage

Results of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order Results of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire public outrage passage of strict fire-safety code by New York legislature

Supreme Court rulings on labor laws Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order Supreme Court rulings on labor laws In Lochner v. New York, the Court overturned a law limiting work to ten hours a day, stating that workers should be free to accept any working conditions. In Muller v. Oregon, the Court upheld a law limiting women to a ten-hour workday, claiming that women’s physical structure justified special legislation. In general, the Court sided with business owners and overturned much early social legislation.

Successes and failures of unions Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order Successes and failures of unions increased membership got wage increases and shorter hours in some companies got aid from progressive organizations accepted women and minorities (IWW) excluded unskilled workers and sometimes promoted racism (AFL) did not get closed-shop status (ILGWU) failed to end capitalism and faded from power (IWW)

Objectives: Section 3: Reforming Society How did reformers try to improved life in U.S. cities? How did reformers hope to improve moral standards? How did African Americans and American Indians organize to improve their lives? Why were immigrants left out of some progressive reforms, and how did they contribute to other reforms?

Reformers attempts to improve urban life Section 3: Reforming Society Reformers attempts to improve urban life tried rid cities of garbage wanted to provide better housing desired better public education wanted improved public health worked to build playgrounds wanted to provide city planning and redesign

Moral improvements desired by reformers Section 3: Reforming Society Moral improvements desired by reformers crusaded against alcohol demanded censorship

American Indians Section 3: Reforming Society formed the Society of American Indians to address problems and publicize accomplishments.

African Americans Section 3: Reforming Society formed the NAACP to work through the courts for civil rights formed the Urban League to fight for racial equality

Immigrants and reform Section 3: Reforming Society often left out because of racism and lack of respect for immigrants’ cultures worked through political machines to establish worker-protection and public-health programs used political machines to obtain playgrounds, public baths, and parks