The science of classifying and naming organisms.

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Presentation transcript:

**The science of classifying and naming organisms.** Unit I TAXONOMY **The science of classifying and naming organisms.**

History Aristotle *started the process of classifying living things *compared structural similarities and habitats.

History Created two groups: - Plants = similarities in stem structure. - Animals = habitat: -of the land - of the water -of the air

History 2. Linnaeus, a Swedish biologist, devised a new classification system based only on form and structure.

History Linnaeus first classified organisms into large groups which he called KINGDOMS. Kingdoms were then broken down into smaller groups

b. Levels of Classification (Linnaeus Classification Hierarchy) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Levels of Classification ** The more levels two organisms share, the more similar the organisms are.

Levels of Classification ** Two organisms in the same species are so similar that they can mate and reproduce fertile offspring.

Which organism listed in the table is least like the others? KINGDOM ANIMALIA PHYLUM CHORDATA CLASS MAMMALIA ORDER CARNIVORA PRIMATA FAMILY CANIDAE FELIDAE HOMINIDAE GENUS CANIS ACINONYX HOMO LYNX SPECIES Canis lupus Acinonyx jubatus Homo sapien Lynx rufus Canis latrans Which organism listed in the table is least like the others? Which two organisms are very closely related.

3. Modern Classification Now uses three DOMAINS as a higher level of classification above kingdom = a group of related kingdoms. 1. Domain ARCHAEA = Kingdom Archaebacteria only. 2. Domain BACTERIA = Kingdom Eubacteria only.

Modern Classification 3. Domain EUKARYA = all eukaryotic organisms = Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, and Kingdom Animalia.

Modern Classification Based on similarities in: Form and Structure Embryological development Chromosome # DNA Sequence

4. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE A system developed by Linnaeus to eliminate the use of common names in science. (Can be very confusing!) = two name naming system Used to create a scientific name for each organism Written in Latin

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Example: Homo sapien Or

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE First word in the name = genus to which the organism belongs - first letter is always capitalized. Second word in the name = species to which the organism belongs - no capitals Entire name is either underlined or italicized

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Cama Rama's parents shown behind, a camel and llama.