5.5 Classification Pick up your science journal at the front. Submit your letter in the time capsule. Submit your parent signatures in the submit box. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abAYyzNUubc

Diversity of Life EQ Why are organisms different from one another? 5.5 Classification, 4.1 Chromosomes, genes, alleles and mutations, 4.2 Meiosis (HL: 10.1 Meiosis) How is biotechnology used to fuel variation? 3.6 Enzymes, 4.4 Cloning(HL: 7.6 Enzymes)

What is a species?

Newfound species http://www.livescience.com/topics/newfound-species/

What is a species? Ecological species = set of organisms adapted to a particular set of resources in an environment (niche) Genetic species = similarity of DNA Evolutionary species = share a similar ancestor Breeding species = two organisms that are able to reproduce and produce fertile offspring

What is a species? Lions and tigers Evolutionarily separated from one another 3.7 million years ago Can interbreed Ligers (Male lion, female tiger cross) v.s. Tiglons (Male tiger, female lion cross) But do not interbreed in the wild Lions are grassland cooperative hunters v.s. Tigers are woodland individual hunters

What is a species? What about two populations which could potentially interbreed but do not because they are living in different niches or are separated by long distance? What about species that do not interbreed because they reproduce asexually? (bacteria or clonal plants)

How many species are there on earth?

How many species exist in our world? Only counting eukaryotes! http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110823/full/news.2011.498.html

Taxonomy Practice and science of classification Purpose of classification Universal language for communication among scientists over the world “Blue crab”: the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), the lesser blue crab (Callinectes similis), the red blue crab (Callinectes bocourti), the ornate blue crab (Callinectes ornatus), and the blue land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi).  Mugil cephalus, is found all over the world, and has a variety of common names (striped mullet, black mullet, sea mullet, flathead mullet, and gray mullet) Predict characteristics shared by members of group Show evolutionary links http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/NamSpecies.htm

5.1 Bionomical system of nomenclature Carl Linnaeus (1707 – 1778) Systema Naturae (1753) group apes and human beings in the same category 4 groups of humans: inherited biological and cultural characteristics Homo European: light-skinned, blond, and governed by laws Homo American was copper-colored and was regulated by customs Homo Asiatic was sooty and dark-eyed and governed by opinions Homo African was black and indolent and governed by impulse By 21st standards… Was Linnaeus a racist?

5.1 Bionomical system of nomenclature species = a group of organisms with similar characteristics which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring genus = principal taxonomic category that ranks above species and below family binomial nomenclature first name = genus, written in italics, if in type, or underlined if not, with the first letter in upper case second name = species, written in italics, if in type, or underlined if not, all letters in lower case E.g. Homo sapiens

Tree of life Domains (1990) Previously: Kingdoms Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Previously: Kingdoms Plantae Animalia Fungi Protoctista Prokaryotae

5.2 Seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa Dinner keeps people coming over for great sushi Kids prefer candy over fresh green salad

To do Complete: A grouping challenge Using your classification, make a dichotomous key. If you are not sure what that is, look at page 148 – 149 in your Pearson textbook. Learning log 5.5, 4.1, 4.2 due August 29

Pick up your science journal at the front. 5.5 Classification Pick up your science journal at the front. Submit your parent signatures in the submit box if you have not already.

Survey Results https://docs.google.com/a/ebv.org.ve/forms/d/1cu1I8MJIEwA0T6xNfDImFEa0rnTVrK23Es_K1p4_0ns/viewanalytics What we will do: Review Stats review

To do Complete: A grouping challenge Using your classification, make a dichotomous key. If you are not sure what that is, look at page 148 – 149 in your Pearson textbook. Explore the following website: http://www.wellcometreeoflife.org/interactive/ Research on one of the following phyla. Contribute to the class notes.