Peter Tripp, 1959. 201 hours and 10 minutes awake Peter Tripp, 1959. 201 hours and 10 minutes awake. After a few days started to hallucinate. Randy Gardner, 1965. Stayed awake for 11 days and nights for a school project. Problems focusing, inability to repeat simple tongue twisters, moody, memory loss, hallucinations, delusions, blurred vision, slurred speech and mild paranoia. No long term symptoms.

Huber and Weidman, 1976 – mata-analysis of sleep deprivation studies. Nights without sleep Effects 1 Discomfort 2 Urge to sleep, especially between 2 and 4am 3 Cognitive tasks impaired. 4 Micro sleep unavoidable. Become irritable and confused. Hat phenomenon – a tightening around the head 5 Irritable and confused. May start to become delusional. 6 Loss of self identity.

False Settings – lacks ecological validity - will affect the participants’ behaviour. Know they are being watched 24 hours therefore behaviour will be artificial. Experimenter bias – Dement has admitted that his observations were influenced by his own pre-conceived ideas. Cause and effect? Are these effects a direct result of the deprivation or a result of the stress caused by the deprivation?

Dement, 1960 Ppts deprived of either REM or nREM sleep and consequences observed. REM deprivation had more severe effects than nREM. Ppts became more aggressive and had very poor concentration. After the 7th night Dement observed that ppts were averaging 26 attempts of entering REM sleep suggesting that REM sleep is very important. However, this meant that ppts were having to be awoken so often that they were no longer experiencing just partial deprivation.

3 categories of sleep disorders AKA Somnipathy. Dyssomnias – disorders that make it difficult to fall and stay asleep Insomnia Narcolepsy Sleep apnea Parasomnias – abnormal behaviours during sleep. Restless legs syndrome Somnambulism (sleep walking) Sleep paralysis Sleep talking Exploding head syndrome. Circardian rhythm sleep disorders – when the timing of sleep is out of sync but quality stays the same Jet lag Shift work.

In groups research one of the first 2 categories creating a poster and 5 minute presentation including: Detailed examples/symptoms. Theories/causes of these disorders. Treatments for these disorders – both biological (drugs) and psychotherapeutic (psychological treatments – cognitive and psychoanalysis.)