Week 12 ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Armahedi Mahzar Jakarta ICAS 2010 PHILOSOPHY of SCIENCE Week 12 ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Armahedi Mahzar Jakarta ICAS 2010

ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Science Religion Integration MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION of ISLAM PANTHEISTIC HOLISTIC SCIENCE NONTHEISTIC MECHANISTIC SIENCE

Epistemology KNOWLEDGE Integralist Vision Ontology BEING Epistemology KNOWLEDGE Axiology VALUES Essence soul faith trans-cendental Holarchic principle conscience intuition universal Creative program mind reason cultural Evolutionary process life instinct social Structural systems matter sense material

Method of Science سَوَّاهُ وَنَفَخَ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِهِ ثُمَّ وَالأفْئِدَةَ وَجَعَلَ لَكُمُ السَّمْعَ وَالأبْصَارَ قَلِيلا مَا تَشْكُرُونَ Then He fashioned him and breathed into him of His Spirit; and appointed for you hearing and sight and hearts. Small thanks give ye! (Al-Sajdah, 32:9)

ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Structure of Islamic Science REALITREALITASAS OBYEKTIF FACTS (tajribi) THEORY (nadari) PARADIGM (hikmati) DEDUCTION (qiyas) INDUCTION (istiqra’) INTUITION (ilham) EMPIRICAL (nafsi) RATIONAL (‘aqli) INTUITIVE (qalbi) REALITY (haqiqi) OBJECTIVE (haqqiqi) VERIFICATION (tahqiq) FALSIFICATION (ta’arudh) RELIGIOUS FOUNDATION (Qur’an)

The structure of science وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَمُ وَكَانَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ عَظِيمًا .... And Allah has revealed to thee the Book and the Wisdom, and taught thee what thou knewest not, and Allah’s grace on thee is very great. . (Al Nisa’ 113)

ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM as a Scientific Paradigm Integral Category sufi Epistemology fiqhi Axiology hikmati Cosmology tauhidi Theology Source Ruhi (spirit) Qurani (transcendental) Thammah (Primal cause) Dzatullah (Substance) Values Qalbi (conscience) Sunni (universal) Gha’iyah (final cause) Sifatullah (attribute) Information ’aqli (reason) ‘ijtihadi (cultural) Suriyah (formal cause) ‘Amrullah (command) Energy Nafsi (instinct) ‘ijma’i (social) Fa’iliyah (efficient cause) Sunnatullah (action) Mattter Jismi (body) ’urfi (instrumental) Maddiyah (material cause) Khalqillah (creation) 7

Super- cosm (supernature) Integralist Ontology Micro- cosm (man) Meso- cosm (culture) Macro- cosm (nature) Super- cosm (supernature) Meta- cosm (Creator) soul revelation source Being of God conscience Normative culture Principles of Nature Supernatural Principles Atributes of God Conscious-ness Symbolic culture Laws of Nature Supernatural Laws Commands of God behavior Social culture Phenomena of Nature Supernatural phenomena Acts of God body Material culture Objects of Nature Supernatural objects Creation of God

Object of Science آيَاتِنَا سَنُرِيهِمْ فِي الآفَاقِ وَفِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ أَوَلَمْ يَكْفِ بِرَبِّكَ أَنَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ We shall show them Our portents on the horizons and within themselves until it will be manifest unto them that it is the Truth. Doth not thy Lord suffice, since He is Witness over all things ? (Fusilat:53)

Integralist Evolution Stages of Evolution Cosmo- logical Bio-logical Techno-logical 1.Matter Universe Micro-organism Tools 2.Energy Solar system Plant Machines 3.Information Living System Animal Language 4.Values Human Civilization Human Culture

The Goal of Science اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ So be afraid of Allâh; and Allâh teaches you. And Allâh is the All-Knower of each and everything. (Al Baqarah 282)

Environment (super-system) Evolutionary Cycle Existential stages Parts (sub-system) Organism (system) Environment (super-system) source vacuum soul superspace values   particle conscience universe information molecule reason earth energy cell instinct    life matter organ body civilization D

ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Double Hierarchy of Reality Micro- cosm (person) Meso- cosm (culture) Macro- cosm (nature) Super- cosm (supernature) Meta- cosm (God) Spirit Revelation Source Substance Conscience Normative culture Natural Principles Supernatural Principles Atributes Conscious-ness Symbolic Culture Natural Laws Supernatural Commands Behavior Social Culture Natural Phenomena Supernatural Phenomena Actions Body Material Culture Material Nature Supernatural matter Creation

ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Tazkiyah Al-Madaniyah إِنَّ اللّهَ لاَ يُغَيِّرُ مَا بِقَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُواْ مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ Verily, God does not change men's condition unless they change their inner selves; (Al-Ra’d 11) Rukun 1 Rukun 2 Rukun 3 Rukun 4 Rukun 5 Syahadat Shalat Shaum Zakat Hajj ‘Ubudiyah Mu’amalah Tazkiyah al-Nafsi Tazkiyah al-Jama’ati Tazkiyah al-Ijtima’i Tazkiyah al-Ummati al-Madaniyati nafs qawm mujmah ummah madaniyah

Generalized Integral Evolution Evolution of Biological System Evolution of planetary Gaia Evolution of Technolo-gical System Evolution of Human Civilization Function: organismic analogy Praebiotic Geosphere Organic (hand/feeti) Praetechnic (tribal) Material storage: flesh and bones Unicellular Microbiosphere Periorganic (tools) Prototechnic (rural) Material carrier:: blood cells Plant Fytosphere Paraorganic (engine) Eotechnic (urban) Energy receiver: lung Animal Zoosphere Semiorganic (machine) Paleotechnic (national) Energy converter/distributor: heart Human Anthropophere Superorganic (media) Neotechnic (regional) Information storage / processor: neural cells Technology Technophere Megaorganic (computer) Megatechnic (global) Information processor / distributor: brain Civilization Ideophere Metaorganic (internet) Metatechnic (universal) Values fulfillment: spirit

Universal Evolutionary Process System Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 Phase 6 Physics Quantum Vacuum Quark Nucleon Nuclei Atom Molecule Chemistry Monoatomic molecule Polyatomic molecule Simple molecule Complex organic molecule Polymer biopolymer Geology Geosphere Fitosphere Zoosphere Anthropo-sphere Techno-sphere Ideo- sphere Biology Single Cell Colony of Cells Single organ Group of organs Segmented organs System of organs Sociology Proto-technic Eo-technic Paleo-technic Neo-technic Mega-technic Meta-technic Technology Periorganic Paraorganic Semiorganic Superorganic Megaorganic Metaorganic

ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Universal Evolutionary Integrality Existential stages Part (sub-system) Organism (system) Environment (super-system) Source vacuum soul superspace Values   particle conscience cosm Information molecule reason earth Energy cell instinct    biosphere Matter organ body civilization

Structure of Reality الَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَالُوا إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ who, when calamity befalls them, say, "Verily, unto God do we belong and, verily, unto Him we shall return. (Al Baqarah 156)

ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Dynamic Integrality Absolute Reality Envolution (Illumination) Evolution (Creation) Involution (Emanation) Devolution (Destruction) Relative Actuality

ISLAMIC INTEGRALISM Tawhid al-Wahdatiyah Allah Uluhiyah Tasyahhud Ta’abbud Tazkiyah Tazkiyah al-ijtima’i al-nafsi Qawm Nafs al-Marhamah al-Mardhiyah Ta’alum Tasyakur Culture(science)(technology)Art Diniyah Mu’amalah Nas Collective Insan Universal Nafs Individual Madaniyah Rububiyah Alam

Tawhid Wahdatiyah ALLAH ==> Tawhid Uluhiyah Al-RABB ==> Tawhid Rububiyah AL-RAHMAN ==> Tawhid Mu’amalah AL-RAHIM ==> Tawhid Madaniyah AL-MALIK ==> Tawhid Diniyah