German Unification This was the most important political development in Europe between 1848 & 1914.

I. How were Italian & German unification movements similar? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

II. William I Firmly against But, when revolution broke out in Prussia in 1848, he ___________________________ then later he ________________________ Est. a liberal gov with a national assembly, but Army reoccupies Berlin and he dissolves

III. Prussia Capital? 18th c. 19th c. Bismarck & “lesser Germany” Deutsches (“German”) Reich in 1867 = 22 states of______________________ The above was the building block 1871 constitution gave huge powers to

IV. Otto von Bismarck 1. 2. Promoted Most significant achievement? Unification Plan a) b) c)

Otto Von Bismarck Kaiser Wilhelm I

V. Danish War “Kleindeutsch” Schleswig & Holstein

VI. Austro-Prussian War (7-Weeks War) Dispute over Bismarck Conflict Naturally, Prussia Keep in mind, Bismarck

VII. War’s End Austria cedes _______ to ______. Why? Why is Germany lenient on Austria? Prussia led this newly formed

VIII. Results of Austro-Prussian War Germ. Confed replaced by Paved way for Austria reorganized as Austria forbidden to ally with 3 southern German states, Bavaria, Baden, Wurttemburg

Hanover, Hesse, Nassau and city of Frankfurt Austria agreed to Legislature = a) Bundesrat b) Reichstag

Constitution of the Confederation Why did a broad franchise NOT bother Bismarck? How did Bismarck crush Prussian liberals?

IX. Franco-Prussian War Bismarck now wanted Religious differences b/t North & South? Opportunity knocks!!!

X. Ems Telegram Isabella of Spain Spain considers replacing her with Prince Leopold, Leopold accepts France strongly objects and issues

Nap III requires Fr. Ambassador Ems Dispatch French Nap III

So. German states Treaty of Frankfurt Alsace-Lorraine

Bismarck was opposed to this transfer of territory believing it would only provoke animosity toward the new German state. Nationalistic perspective = most people in territory spoke German. Iron resources!! Militarily – shift away from Rhine helped Germany.