Learning A relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience

Behaviorism 3 general assumptions - simple associations are the building blocks of all learning the laws of learning are the same for all species - learning can be best understood in terms of the environmental and external rather than than internal or intentional ones

Associative Learning Learning that two events occur together Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence Two main types: Classical Operant

Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning We learn to associate two stimuli

Operant Conditioning We learn to associate a response and its consequence

Classical Conditioning The learning process that involves repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with a response-producing stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the same response

Principles of Classical Conditioning Extinction gradual weakening or diminishing of a CR usually occurs when a UCS does not follow a CS for a response to continue you must occasionally reintroduce the US

Principles of Classical Conditioning Spontaneous Recovery reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished CR

Principles of Classical Conditioning Generalization tendency for stimuli similar to CS to elicit similar responses Discrimination The learned ability to distinguish between the CS and similar stimuli

Classical Conditioning Phobias a persistent, irrational, and sometimes excessive fear in the absence of real danger that results in the avoidance of specific objects or situations often the result of classical conditioning Counter Conditioning a form of behavior modification that replaces a particular response to a stimulus by establishment of another, often different, response