Thermal energy transfer INSTRUCTED BY: MS. SORN

Do now: thermal energy transfer 4/5/17 (w) Prompt: Identify the form of heat transfer in this image. Describe what is occurring. Answer: As sunlight heats the ground, air above the ground warms and rises. As the air rises, it cools and sinks back to the ground, where it heats and rises again. This results in a convection cycle and causes wind. Convection also cycles in seawater, powering ocean currents.

DO NOW PART ii: WRITE YOUR HOMEWORK INTO YOUR PLANNER WEDNESDAY, 4/5/17 Lab Report Due Tomorrow / Friday (Final Call)

1. matter (noun) - Anything that has mass and takes up space. KEY VOCAB 02: WORDS 1 AND 2 1. matter (noun) - Anything that has mass and takes up space. 2. states (i.e. energy) (noun) - Distinct forms of matter known as solid, liquid, and gas

KEY VOCAB 02: WORDS 3 and 4 3. energy transfer (adj/noun) –  Movement of energy from one system to another. 4. collision (noun) - The motion energy of one object can be transferred to change the motion of the other objects.

6. spontaneously (adv) – Occurring without an external cause. KEY VOCAB 02: WORDS 5, 6 5. friction (noun) -  The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another. 6. spontaneously (adv) – Occurring without an external cause.

LEARNING TARGET I WILL REFLECT ON THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION TO OBSERVE THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER AS A PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIP AMONG DIFFERENT QUANTITIES OF MATTER.

AGENDA DO NOW I/ DO NOW II KEY VOCAB 01: 3, 4 REVIEW AND COLLECT: READING SCIENCE CONTENT CONNECTIONS VIDEO: HEAT TRANSPORT LAB EXIT TICKET: COMPREHENSION CHECK

READING SCIENCE (REVIEW & COLLECT)

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF ENERGY TRANSFER 1. Conductivity 2. Temperature Difference 3. Thickness (mass) 4. Surface Area

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF ENERGY TRANSFER 1. Conductivity Metals not only transfer heat when their molecules vibrate, but their free electrons quickly transfer the energy from one location to another, which makes metals very good conductors. Wood, rubber, and Styrofoam make poor heat conduction which is why these materials are used as insulators for pot handles or to hold hot foods.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF ENERGY TRANSFER 2. Temperature Difference Heat flows from hot to cold. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the rate of heat transfer. That fact challenges the home insulation industry when the temperatures are either very cold or very hot outside

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF ENERGY TRANSFER 3. Thickness (mass) Since heat is transferred from molecule to molecule, the thicker the materials or the more mass involved, the longer it takes for heat to be transferred. The thick cardboard ring placed around a hot to-go-cup of coffee insulates your fingers from the heat transfer by slowing down the rate of heat transfer.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF ENERGY TRANSFER 4. Surface Area The larger the surface area, the quicker the rate of heat transfer. Large picture windows make insulating a room very difficult. Not only does the larger size allow more light in, but it also makes it lose and gain heat more quickly. Double pane windows help to counteract this problem with a layer of air sandwiched between the two panes to insulate the window. Increasing surface area to increase heat transfer is the reason kit foxes have such large ears in order to cool off and dissipate heat.

CONTENT CONNECTIONS VIDEO: HEAT TRANSPORT

Objective check Prompt: The transfer of heat that happens when particles collide with each other… Answer: Conduction The heat moves from the flame to the pot’s bottom Other examples: touching something hot, ironing clothes, curling hair, etc.

Objective check Prompt: The particles themselves move which only happens in liquids and gases (think about fluids moving freely…) Answer: Convection The warm water rises within the pot. The weather outside, hot air balloons, cookies cooling, etc.

Objective check Prompt: Energy that travels as electromagnetic waves. You do not need to touch an electromagnetic wave to feel it. Answer: Radiation The heat is carried away from the pot in all directions. The Sun, campfire, heaters, etc

Lab – step 9- Make either a bar graph or line graph

Lab – step 10- cer Claim: Evidence: Sample Claim --- The amount of material affects thermal energy transfer. Evidence: The temperature of the water in Beaker A (10 mL) ranged from 23oC to 8oC. The temperature of the water in Beaker B (50 mL) ranged from 22oC to 12oC. The temperature of the water in Beaker C (100 mL) ranged from 23oC to 17oC. Reasoning: Thermal energy transfer occurs in liquids by convection. The thermal energy of the water was transferred to the ice when the ice was placed in the different volumes of water as was indicated by the change in temperature of the water in each beaker. In the beginning the same amount of thermal energy was contained in each of the different volumes of water as all were at room temperature. The least amount of material (Beaker A) showed the greatest effect from the thermal energy transfer. The lower temperature of the water (8oC) in Beaker A indicates a greater reduction in the kinetic energy after the thermal energy transfer. The greatest amount of material (Beaker C) showed the least effect from the thermal energy transfer with a reduction of temperature of only 6oC to a low of 17oC. The higher relative temperature of Beaker C indicates the change in the kinetic energy of the water as a result of thermal energy transfer is less because of the greater volume of water.

LAB: HEAT VS THERMAL TRANSFER Pre-Investigation Discussion If the type of material affects thermal energy transfer, do you think the amount of the material will affect thermal energy transfer as well? Do you think a spoon with a thicker metal bowl would transfer energy at the same rate as a spoon with a thinner bowl?

MATERIALS FOR TODAY’S LAB: HEAT VS THERMAL TRANSFER Reusable 3 Beaker, 150 mL (per group) 3 Thermometer or temperature probe (per group) Consumable 3 Ice cubes (per group)

LAB REPORT: HEAT VS. THERMAL TRANSFER Step 1: Does the amount of a material affect thermal energy transfer? Step 2: Thermal energy transfer is important for cooking; if the amount of material affects the energy transfer it could have an effect on the design of eating and cooking utensils. Step 3: The variables are the amount of a material (water) and the temperature change of the materials. The independent variable (also known as the manipulated variable) is the amount of the material, water (measured in mL). The dependent variable (also known as the responding variable) is the temperature change of the material (degrees Celsius). Step 4: Increasing the amount of material through which thermal energy transfer will occur results in the transfer of energy taking an increased amount of time.