Civil Rights in the United States

1. What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964 designed to do? Prohibited discrimination in public accommodations and employment Title VII of the Act, banned discrimination in employment and laid the groundwork for the affirmative action.

2. Which President came up with the idea for the Civil Rights Act? John Fitzgerald Kennedy

3. Which President actually signed the civil Rights Act of 1964? Lyndon B. Johnson

4. How did Plessy v. Ferguson effect Civil Rights before the Brown v 4. How did Plessy v. Ferguson effect Civil Rights before the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas decision was handed down? It led to “separate but equal” It was used to legally separate races The Brown decision Stated that by having separate facilities you were saying that one was not equal.

5. It was a battle to get the Civil Rights Act of 1964 through the House. What happened when it went to the Senate? People were concerned about it causing an expansion of power in the US and were afraid of losing votes. 57 day filibuster The compromise bill left the Senate after 83 days of debate

Sit-ins at lunch counters In the 1960’s: organized protests where people refuse to vacate a place. Dr. King was inspired by Ghandhi.

Boycott Withdraw from using something as a punishment or protest. It’s power is economic. Used to end bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama Rosa Parks was the inspiration

The “freedom riders” were students, of both races, riding around the south on buses trying to end bus segregation. Federal marshals were sent to keep the peace and the president ordered integration of all bus and train stations.

“Freedom Summer” in 1964, thousands of civil rights workers, both black and white, traveled the South to establish “freedom schools,” end segregation, and empower black citizens to take part in the political process.

Black Panthers Openly revolutionary group out of Oakland, California that practiced militant self-defense for minority communities against the US government. Wanted revolutionary socialism

Medgar Evers NAACP worker Medgar Evers was murdered in Mississippi His assassin, Byron De la Beckwith was finally convicted in 1994.

George Wallace Governor of Alabama who said: “Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever. Stood at the main door of the University of Alabama to prevent two Black students to enter – the National Guard intervened Shot and paralyzed in 1972 Later reversed his opinions and apologized for things he had said

James Meredith enrolled at the University of Mississippi under a court order. Ross Barnett refused to enforce the order and rioting broke out. President Kennedy had to send federal troops to enforce the order and keep peace. Lt. Gov Paul Johnson (center, with hat) blocks Marshal James McShane and James Meredith (right) from attempting to enter University of Mississippi on the day of Kennedy's inauguration, January 20, 1961

Police Commissioner Eugene “Bull” Conner (Birmingham, Alabama) ordered the use of dogs, tear gas, electric cattle prods, and fire hoses against all protestors young and old to keep them from marching with Dr. King.

Voting Rights Act – 1965 – Which President signed it into law? In March 1965 Martin Luther King, Jr., led a march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, to dramatize the voting issue. President Lyndon B. Johnson sent the bill to Congress, and it was quickly passed. Banned racial discrimination in voting practices by the federal, state, and local governments.

Title IX is part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title IX is part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. What does it do for female students? What colleges and schools must adhere to Title IX?

Signed into law in 1972 by President Nixon. Amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 "Title Nine," requires high schools and colleges that receive federal funding to end gender discrimination in any educational activity — including athletics. Athletics, drama, band and other extracurricular student activities are considered to be educational programs under this law. Title IX also prohibits all forms of sex discrimination in federally funded educational institutions, including sexual harassment, discrimination in admissions and counseling, discrimination against married or pregnant students, etc.

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