Electron Dot and Structual Diagrams for Covalent Compounds

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Presentation transcript:

Electron Dot and Structual Diagrams for Covalent Compounds

Lewis Structures Structural Diagrams show the number of bonds in a compound. Electron Dot Diagrams show the electrons involved in the bonds of compounds. H - O H : O Non-bonding e- or lone pairs Bonding e- 1 pair of electrons = 1 bond

Electron Dot Diagrams Determine the number of valence e- for an element.

7e- 8e- 1e- valence electrons 2e- 3e- 4e- 5e- 6e-

Electron Dot Diagrams Determine the number of valence e- for an element. H Cl F S O P N C Si # valence e- 1 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 H . Cl : . F : . : S . : O . . P : . N : . C . Si # of bonds 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 When drawing structural diagrams, each element must have the correct number of bonds.

Electron Dot Diagrams Each bond in the structural formula represents two electrons. All valence electrons must be used Each element must have a full valence orbital (8e-) , except H (2e-) Try C2H6

First, determine the central atom (the one with the most bonding electrons): Carbon 4 e- Hydrogen 1 e- So the central atoms will be? C

Electron Dot Diagrams C2H6 . C . . .

Electron Dot Diagrams C2H6 . . . . C C . . . .

H H . . . . . . . . H . H . . . . . H H Electron Dot Diagrams C C C2H6 All atoms have a full shell

H H . . . . . . . . H . H . . . . . H H Electron Dot Diagrams C C C2H6 All atoms have a full shell

Electron Dot Diagrams H C A structural diagram is one that shows each bond as a line. Each line represents 2 bonding electrons. Lone pairs are not shown in a structural diagram C2H6 C H

Electron Dot Diagrams HCN

Electron Dot Diagrams HCN

Electron Dot Diagrams HCN H C N

Electron Dot Diagrams HCN . . . . H C .

Electron Dot Diagrams HCN . . . . H C . N . . .

C H N . . . . . H . N . . . . Electron Dot Diagrams HCN C Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: CO2

O C O Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:

. . . . . . . . . . O . . . O . . . Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: CO2 . . . . . . . . . . C O . . . O . . . Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

C O . . . . . . . . . . O . . . O . . . Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: CO2 C O . . . . . . . . . . C O . . . O . . . Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: N2

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: N2 N N

. . . . . N N . . . . . Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: N2 . . . . . N N . . . . . Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

N . . . . . N N . . . . . Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: N2 N . . . . . N N . . . . . Atoms have full shells All valence electrons were used

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: P2O3 (sym)

O P O P O Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: P2O3 O P O P O Hint: This molecule is symmetrical…which means an O will be in the center.

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: P2O3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O P . . . O P O . . . . . . .

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: P2O3 P O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O P . . . O P O . . . . . . .

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: C4H8 (cyclic)

Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing the electron dot diagram for: C4H8 (cyclic) H H . . . . . . . . C C H H . . . . . . . . H . C . . C . H . . . . H H

H H C C H H H C C H H H Electron Dot Diagrams Try drawing structural diagrams for the following: C4H8 (cyclic) H H C C H H H C C H H H