The Colonies Come of Age Chapter 3

Objectivies: Explain the economic relationship between England and its American colonies Describe how tensions arose between England and the colonies Summarize how salutary neglect of the colonies after 1688 planted the seeds of self government

England and It’s Colonies England and It’s Colonies Prosper England sought to improve it’s wealth and power though it’s colonies Colonies provide materials not found it England Tobacco, lumber, raw materials Colonies gave England a ready market for the goods it did produce Irons utensils, books, china Goal is to make England self-sufficient

The Navigation Acts England feared that the direct trade between the colonies and other countries threatened it’s hold of colonial resources Trade with the colonies could only be done using colonial or English ships Crews on ships had to be 75% English or colonial Certain products could only be shipped to England All exports between the colonies and Europe had to be unloaded at an English port

Tensions Emerge Crackdown in Massachusetts Puritan leaders did not believe the Navigation Acts applied to them As punishment, King Charles II revokes the Puritans corporate charter and turns Mass. into a royal colony Massachusetts will be given back it’s charter less than 10 years later after a bloodless revolution in England

England Loosens the Reins Salutary Neglect Although England does attempt to strengthen it’s control over colonial trade by adding to the Navigation Acts, it makes little attempt to enforce the new measures England felt that by relaxing it’s enforcement of the Nav. Acts it would make the colonist more loyal. As long as raw materials were being shipped to England and the colonies continued to purchase English goods the English Parliament did not think in necessary to supervise the colonies closely

The Seeds of Self-Government

The Agricultural South Chapter 3, Section 2

Objectives: Trace the development of a plantation economy in the American South Explain the way of life in the Southern colonies Describe the slave trade and the role of slavery in the plantation economy Describe life for colonial slaves

A Plantation Economy Arises Southern colonies primarily develop as self-sufficient, rural societies large plantations did not require services that towns would provide

Life in Southern Society A Diverse and Prosperous People Small farmers make up the majority of Southern population Plantation owners controlled the South’s political and social institutions Many Southern colonists prospered during the mid 1700s due to tobacco exports

Daily life consisted mainly of chores in or around the house The Role of Women Second class citizens Can not vote or own property Daily life consisted mainly of chores in or around the house Indentured Servants Many became indentured servants to escape prison or debt Make up a large portion of the population Numbers decline toward the end of the 1600s

Slavery Becomes Entrenched The Evolution of Slavery After failing to meet their labor needs with enslaved Native Americans and indentured servants the English colonists turned to African slaves 1690 – 13,000 slaves 1750 – 200,000 slaves

Africans slaves suffered greatly on their voyage to the colonies The Middle Passage Africans slaves suffered greatly on their voyage to the colonies 20% die during the trip

Slavery in the South 80-90% of slaves worked in the fields 10-20% worked as domestic slaves or artisans Slaves worked from about the age 12 until their death Slaves are subjected to mistreatment and abuse

Africans Cope in Their New World Culture and Family Slaves must adapt to a new language and culture Despite this slaves are able to keep some of their old culture alive Arts Music Dance Stories

Many slaves attempt escape Resistance and Revolt Many slave did resist Fake illnesses, break tools, work slowdowns Stono Rebellion - 1739 About 20 slaves with weapons kill several planter families Lasts less than 1 day Those slaves not killed during recapture were executed Many slaves attempt escape

The Commercial North Ch 3, Section 3

Objectives: Trace the development of a varied and thriving ecomony in the North Explain the diverse society of the North and the tensions that led to witchcraft trials in Salem Summarize the influence of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening

Industry Grows in the North Economies of the colonies were growing twice as fast as the economy of England A Diversified Economy North produced a diversity of crops and animals Wheat, corn, cattle, hogs Produce more than they need Commercial production Fishing, logging, shipbuilding, iron goods By 1770s had built 1/3 of all British ships and was producing more iron goods than England did

Expansion in trade cause port cities to grow Urban Life Expansion in trade cause port cities to grow Boston, Philadelphia, New York Problems in the cities Scarce firewood and fresh water, poor garbage disposal, little sanitation, fast spread of disease, poverty

Northern Society is Diverse Influx of Immigration During the 1700s approx. 585,000 immigrants from Europe migrated to America

Slavery is present in the North Slavery in the North Slavery is present in the North Still considered property Had higher legal standing Still considered less than human No protection from cruel treatment Laws forbade them from gathering together Slaves did revolt in the North as well

Women in Northern Society Similar to Southern women Had little legal rights Widows and single women could own business Religion served to keep women under the rule of their husbands

The Colonists Consider New Ideas The Enlightenment A period of time defined by the use of reason and scientific method Observable evidence

A religious movement that sought a return to the Puritan code The Great Awakening A religious movement that sought a return to the Puritan code 1740s and 1750s Different denominations gain membership Increased interest in learning

The French and Indian War Ch 3, Section 4

Objectives Trace the development of the French – British colonial rivalry Summarize the French and Indian War Explain the war’s effects on the relationship between Britain and its colonies

Rivals for an Empire Britain and France were competing world powers France’s North American Empire Begun its N.A. empire in 1534 with the exploration of the St. Lawrence River First permanent settlement in Quebec established in 1608 French explorers penetrate central N.A. Name entire river valley Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV

French not interested in settling N.A. Interested in trapping and trading French develop economic and military ties with Native Americans bands

Britain Defeats an Old Enemy 1754 French build Fort Duquesne where the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers meet Virginia governor sends militia to remove French Washington role British defeat at Fort Necessity marks the beginning of the French and Indian War

Early French Victories A year after defeat Washington returns with British general Edward Braddock and 1500 British soldiers French and Native American allies ambush the British British turned and fled Colonists start to see British as vulnerable

Pitt and the Iroquois Turn the Tide William Pitt sets out to create the largest and best equipped military in N.A. Iroquois join up with the British 1759- British attack Quebec and defeat the French 1763- Treaty of Paris officially ends the war

Victory Brings New Problems French loss impacts the Native Americans British settle west of Appalachian Mountains Native Americans attack British forts British retaliate Small pox Proclamation of 1763 Weakened British authority

The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart Problems Resulting From the War Large number of British troops remain in N.A. Angered many colonists Britain’s growing national debt Debt double during the coarse of the war

Grenville Angers Colonists Sugar Act-1764 Halves duty on foreign-made molasses Placed duty on imports not previously taxed Smugglers will be tried British court by a single judge Judges get 5% of any cargo confiscated from convicted smugglers Colonists feel Parliament has no right to tax them because they had no elected representatives in Parliament

Two Views Collide Conflicts of taxation and government Colonists see British military in a different light