Photosynthesis = converting light energy (sunlight) to chemical energy (glucose) How plants make food Occurs in the chloroplast ; carried out by producers / autotrophs All reactions are facilitated by enzymes Involve oxidation and reduction reactions

Structure of a Chloroplast

Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll, making plants appear green.

Reactants and Products of Photosynthesis Reactions Location Reactants Products Light Dependent Thylakoid Membranes Sunlight H20 ATP NADPH O2 Light independent (Calvin Cycle) Stroma CO2 C6H12O6 (Glucose)

G3P TP C6H1206 (exported)

Main Environmental Factors that Affect the Rate of Photosynthesis

2) Knowing the products of this process, what are at least 2 ways to measure the rate of photosynthesis? 3) Why would temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis? 4) What does it mean to be oxidized? What does it mean to be reduced?

1) Draw the diagram and label the following: 2) Knowing the products of this process, what are at least 2 ways to measure the rate of photosynthesis? i) Measure biomass ii) Rate of CO2 uptake iii) Rate of O2 production 3) Why would temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis? Photosynthesis reactions are facilitated by enzymes. Enzyme activity is affected by temperature. Increase in temperature (kinetic energy) results in increase in enzyme activity, unless enzymes are denatured. 4) What does it mean to be oxidized? What does it mean to be reduced? See next slide

Photosynthesis Involves Oxidation and Reduction (Redox) Reactions

NADP+ gets reduced (gains electrons) during the light reactions NAPH gets oxidized (loses electrons) during the Calvin Cycle

How does ATP supply energy How does ATP supply energy? Energy is stored in the chemical bonds between atoms. ADP = adenosine diphosphate “phosphorylation” = adding a phosphate group to ADP