Wilderness Navigation Rob Jagnow Planning Ahead Topo Maps Basic Skills Advanced Techniques

Navigation Fundamentals Pre-trip planning is essential Required by every trip member Intended plans Contingency plans Familiarity with general area Familiarity with specific route Roads, escape routes, hazards When hiking, keep map accessible Check frequently Keep track of progress and location Consider return trip at all times

Your Navigation Arsenal Guidebooks Maps, trail directions, distances, elevation gain, difficulty rating Expected travel time (Double times in winter) AMC White Mountain Guide Topographic Maps Contour denoted by lines of constant elevation Compass Indicates direction to magnetic north Can be used with or without a map

Topographic Maps Land features identified by their pattern of contour lines Legend indicates: Title Scale Contour interval Magnetic declination Trails, rivers, roads, etc.

Typical Topo Map Land Features

Typical Topo Map Land Features

Typical Topo Map Land Features

Typical Topo Map Land Features

Typical Topo Map Land Features

Advanced Navigation Bearing: angle from one place to another measured with respect to true North Used to maintain consistent travel direction

Advanced Navigation Locate exact position with two bearings

Advanced Navigation Magnetic Declination: discrepancy between magnetic North and true North Correct by adjusting compass by a known offset In New Hampshire, 16.5° West!

More Advanced Techniques Intentional bearing offset Navigate via intermediate objectives Gain perspective through elevation Altimeters and GPS Much, much, more ! Intentional bearing offset: Intentionally aiming to one side of your objective, so you know which way to go when you reach an intermediate objective. For instance, aim for south of the parking lot, so that when you hit the road, you know for certain that you have to go north. Back bearings: Bearings from a known location to you, rather than from you to a topographic features (offset by 180 degrees).