Optimal Trial Design for Studying Urinary Markers in Bladder Cancer: A Collaborative Review Yair Lotan, Peter C. Black, Laura Caba, Sam S. Chang, Michael S. Cookson, Siamak Daneshmand, Ashish M. Kamat, James M. McKiernan, Raj S. Pruthi, Chad R. Ritch, Gary D. Steinberg, Robert S. Svatek, Ellen C. Zwarthoff European Urology Oncology Volume 1, Issue 3, Pages 223-230 (August 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2018.04.010 Copyright © 2018 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Biomarker studies: experimental and nonexperimental study types with examples. PSA=prostate-specific antigen. European Urology Oncology 2018 1, 223-230DOI: (10.1016/j.euo.2018.04.010) Copyright © 2018 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions
Fig. 2 Randomized trial design for hematuria evaluation comparing the standard approach and a marker-based approach. Int=intermediate. European Urology Oncology 2018 1, 223-230DOI: (10.1016/j.euo.2018.04.010) Copyright © 2018 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions
Fig. 3 Randomized trial comparing surveillance with standard evaluation and standard evaluation with addition of a marker. European Urology Oncology 2018 1, 223-230DOI: (10.1016/j.euo.2018.04.010) Copyright © 2018 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions