WEATHER PATTERNS AND STORMS Done By: Bara Abed, Basel Albaqer, Yousef Ibrahim, and Abdulwahab. Class: 8-2.

GOALS To realize the name of each storm, its definition, and formation. To know the damage that each storm causes. How geography affects climate. Seasonal changes.

Storms Are any disturbed states of an environment affecting the surface, and strongly implying sever weather.

Formation Storms are created when a center of low pressure develops with a system of high pressure surrounding it.

Tropical Storm It’s a low-pressure system that starts near the equator and has winds that blow at 65 kilometers per hour or more.

Hurricane It’s a tropical low-pressure system with winds blowing at speeds of 120 kilometers per hour. Hurricanes are called typhoons or cyclones, and they form over the Indian Ocean or the western Pacific Ocean. Hurricane winds can lift cars, uproot trees, and tear off the roofs of buildings.

Storm Surge It’s caused because of the flooding of the river, which lets the sea level rises several meters.

Blizzards Blizzards are blinding snowstorms with winds of at least 56 kilometers per hour and low temperatures. Blizzards occur in many parts of the northern and central United States. This storm can knock down trees and power lines.

Snowstorms Are storms where large amounts of snow fall. It forms when cold air gains moisture and warmth as it passes over a warmer land, but when it gets over a cold land, the air cools again and releases moisture as snow.

Ice Storms Ice storms are caused by freezing rain. The raindrops move into a thin layer of below- freezing air right near the surface of the earth, allowing them to freeze on contact to the ground, trees, cars and other objects. Risks and damage: Drivers may find it hard to steer and to stop their cars. Branches or even whole trees may break from the weight of ice. Falling branches can block roads, tear down power and telephone lines.

Thunderstorm It’s a storm with lightening and thunder. Formation: Thunderstorms get their energy from humid air. When the warm, humid air near the ground moves vertically into cooler air above, the rising air, or updraft, can build a thunderstorm quickly. This type of storms can wash away people, cars, and even houses. Also, it can kill or seriously injury any person it hits.

William Henry Rankin William Henry Rankin was the only known person to survive a fall from the top of a cumulonimbus thunderstorm cloud. He was a pilot in the United States Marine corps and a World War II and Korean War veteran. He was flying an F-8 jet fighter over a cumulonimbus cloud when the engine failed, forcing him to eject and parachute into the cloud and fortunately he survived.

Tornado It’s a violently rotating column of air stretching from a cloud to the ground. The powerful winds of a tornado can damage buildings or anything else in the tornado’s path. The most common tornadoes are small and last only few minutes, but their damage can be big and unexpected. Larger tornadoes are less common but have stronger wind and last longer. Their strong is enough to knock over large trees and tear the roofs off houses.

Climate Climate is the characteristic weather conditions in a place over a long period. All parts of weather make up climate, including wind, humidity, and sunshine, but it’s mostly affected by temperature and precipitation. Latitude, altitude, distance from large bodies of water, and ocean currents are factors that affect temperature and pricipitation.

Latitude One factor that affects temperature is latitude. Latitude is the distance in degrees north or south of the equator, which is 0 degrees. The sun heats Earth’s curved surface unevenly. Sunlight strikes Earth’s surface directly near the equator. Near the poles, sunlight strikes the surface at lower angle, so it’s more spread out.

Altitude It’s the high above sea level, and it’s another geographical factor that effects temperature. When you move higher up it gets colder, because the troposphere is mainly warmed from below by Earth’s surface. As convection lifts the warmed air to higher altitudes, the air expands and cools.

Large Bodies Of Water Land heats up and cools off faster than water. Because oceans and large lakes slow down heating and cooling of the air, coastal regions tend to have milder temperatures than areas far inland. Large bodies of water also affect precipitation. Climates influenced by these factors are called marine and continental climate.

Marine Climate Occur near the ocean, usually along the west coast of continents. Temperatures do not drop very far at night. Summers and winters are mild and it receives steady precipitation.

Continental Climate Occur in the interior of continents. However, most have large differences between daytime and nighttime temperatures, because they lack the influence of nearby oceans. For the same reason, winter months are usually much colder than summer months.

Ocean Currents Are streams of water that flow through oceans in regular patterns. They influence climates by transferring energy from one part of an ocean to another. Warm-water currents carry warmth from the tropics to higher latitudes, where they help keep coastal regions warm. Cold-water cool coastal regions by carrying cold water from polar regions toward equator.

Seasons Seasons, are periods of the year associated with specific weather conditions, such as cold temperatures or frequent rain. These periods are part of the overall pattern that makes up a climate.

Temperature Patterns Seasons occur because of the amounts of energy that the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere receive from the sun change over the course of a year.

Precipitation Patterns Like temperature patterns, seasonal patterns of precipitation vary among different climates. The seasonal pattern of precipitation can determine the types of plants that grow in a region and the length of the growing season.

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