Worldwide Push for Geothermal Power & other Renewable-Green Energies M. Ali Khan

Contents What is Geothermal? World’s Largest Field - O&G Operations Geothermal World Wide Trend What is in it for Major Oil Co’s Other Topic

What is Geothermal? Geo = Earth Thermal = Heat Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal

Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics (USGS) Source: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/plate_tectonics/rift_man.php

The Geysers

Field Summary Area 16 x 6 km = 64 sq km Wells 460 Steam Wells, 75 Injection Wells Average Well Depth 2,500 m Average Caprock Depth 1,200 m Bottom Hole Temperature 300/250oC Reservoir Pressure 500 psi /150 psi Cumulative Steam Produced 2.4 trillion kg ~398 million bbls Steam Production (2009) 59 billion kg Injection (2009) 42 billion kg Electricity Produced (2009) 7.6/6.9 (gross/net) million megawatt hrs

Rapid Steam Production Decline The Problem Rapid Steam Production Decline

The Solution Illustration courtesy of Northern California Power Agency

Steam Production is Stabilized The Results Steam Production is Stabilized

Incremental Electricity Southeast Geysers

NCGs & Effluent Injection

Injection & Induced Seismicity >1.5 (ML) EQ Count/yr

Induced Seismicity 2005 - 2010, >1.5 (ML)

Mass Replacement Status

Caprock 1,700 psi 1,200 m Reservoir 150 psi

Downhole Electric Generator Courtesy of NCPA

Geothermal Blowout? Two drilling rigs at The Geysers

Rapid Steam Production Decline The Problem Rapid Steam Production Decline

Reservoir with many Straws (Dryout, Superheat)

California Rule of Capture Lease Boundary

Superheat - Dryout P T P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 x Z Ideal Gas Non-Ideal Gas

A Steam Well

An Injection Well

A Power Plant

Motion Sensor Camera is on! Say Cheese… Motion Sensor Camera is on! Thank you!

Recent Geothermal News PLN to call tenders for 10,000 MW, pub: 09/02/10 Damascus holds renewable-energy conference, pub: 6/4/2010 Tata Power draws plans for geothermal foray, 28/3/2010 Kenya signs $300 m loan for energy with Japan, 3/30/2010 China would build a 2,000 MW solar thermal project The Dora-2 plant, with a capacity of 11.5 MW, 1/29/2010 US DOE Award for National Geothermal database

Geothermal of Different Shades Direct Use Solar In Turkey Fishery and Greenhouses Low Temperature Resources Produced Waters from O&G Enhanced Geothermal Systems(EGS)

Download Papers/PowerPoint FlushtoFlash.com Pakistanli.com Fishery and Greenhouses Low Temperature Resources Produced Waters from O&G Enhanced Geothermal Systems(EGS)

Data Reduction

Data Reduction Live Run Data Reduction

Conclusions Pakistan Geothermal Potential? Wind-Solar-Biomass O&G Related Geothermal Pak Govt. –Renewable Energy Cell Aid/Collaboration w/ others