Add to Table of Contents Mutation example Pg. 40 Mutations Pg. 41

Mutations Page 41 in notebook

Change occur when DNA is damaged or changed so the code is no longer the same. Can occur in any cell. They can be beneficial, bad, or neutral Mutation = Mutations-

– a change in a single nitrogen base pair. Types of mutations 1. Substitution (Point mutation) – a change in a single nitrogen base pair. THE DOG BIT THE CAT THE DOG BIT THE CAR

Ex. Sickle-cell anemia 1 point mutation in a hemoglobin codon creates this disease.

UGC AAA Cysteine Lysine UGC AAG

UAU GCC Tyrosine Valine UAA GCC Stop

Types of mutations 2. Frame shift -A single base is inserted or deleted from the DNA. THE FAT CAT SAT TAH EFA TCA TSA T TEF ATC ATS AT

Types of mutations A. Insertion -All or part of a codon is inserted in the DNA. THE FAT CAT SAT THE NOT FAT CAT SAT

Types of mutations B. Deletion -All or part of a codon is deleted from the DNA. THE FAT CAT SAT THE CAT SAT

Causes of mutations: A. Mistakes in DNA pairing. B. Radiation C. Chemicals D. High temperatures

Day 2 Open notebook to page 40.

On page 40 of your notebook: Copy down this strand of DNA: TAC GCC AGT GGT ATT Transcribe it into mRNA mRNA =

mRNA = AUG CGG UCA CCA UAA Translate the mRNA into amino acids TAC GCC AGT GGT ATT mRNA = AUG CGG UCA CCA UAA Translate the mRNA into amino acids Amino acids=

mRNA = AUG CGG UCA CCA UAA Amino acids= Met Arg Ser Pro stop Now do the same steps with this mutated DNA TAC GAC CAG TGG TAT T mRNA = Amino acids =

TAC GAC CAG TGG TAT T mRNA = AUG CUG GUC ACC AUA A Amino acids = Start Leu Val Thr Iso(Ile)

Original DNA TAC GCC AGT GGT ATT TAC GAC CAG TGG TAT T 1. What type of mutation occurred? Substitution(1point) Frame shift insertion Frame shift Deletion

Original DNA TAC GCC AGT GGT ATT TAC GAC CAG TGG TAT T 2. How did the mutation affect the amino acid sequence? No stop signal 1 amino acid added/deleted All amino acids changed after the mutation