TEXAS BECOMES A STATE 1845!!!

Constitution of 1845 Now that Texas is part of the United States it must write a new constitution as a STATE instead of a Republic. Created 3 branches of government Also created, a Governor and Lt. Governor James Pinckney Henderson became first Governor of Texas. Thomas Rusk- President of the convention of 1845 which accepted the annexation terms

Analyze the painting below. Think about the title of the painting Analyze the painting below. Think about the title of the painting. What do you see and observe? JOHN GAST‘S - "AMERICAN PROGRESS," (1872)

Mexican-American War

When? Who? 1846-1848 Where? Most of the fighting occurred in Mexico. Mexico and the United States

What? Mexico never recognized Texas independence Manifest Destiny Texas Annexation by the USA Boundary dispute Nueces or Rio Grande River

Rio Grande boundary Nueces River boundary

How? A battle occurred in Brownsville, TX and the U.S. believed that American blood had been shed on American soil. Just an excuse to go to war…

1. Steps to War June 1845- President Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to take U.S. troops into disputed border region Polk claims this action is to protect Texas from possible Mexican attack

2. Steps to War Meanwhile, Polk sent diplomat John Slidell to Mexico City to negotiate the purchase California & New Mexico for $30 million Mexican officials refused to meet with Slidell John Slidell

3. Steps to War March 1846 – General Taylor’s troops made camp at the Rio Grande in disputed territory April 1846 – Mexican commander insisted U.S. troops must leave area and Taylor refused to move Mexican forces crossed the Rio Grande and attacked group of 63 U.S. soldiers 11 Americans killed

4. Steps to War May 11, 1846 – Polk addressed Congress He declared that “Mexico has shed American blood upon the American soil.” Two days later Congress declared war on Mexico

Support of the War Most Americans supported Manifest Destiny Southerners thought it would help spread slavery in the new territories acquired from the Mexican Cession How are they going to decide if they are slave states or free states?

Mexican Cession Add to your notes: The transfer of the Southwest from Mexico to the USA after the Mexican American War.

Opposition to the War Northern abolitionists feared any territory gained in the war might be organized into slave states Abolitionists were people who OPPOSED slavery Hit on Abolitionists… Fear of spread of the slave states…

What was the cause? Mexico didn’t pay reparations to American citizens for damages caused by the TX Revolution. Disputes on boundaries (Nueces vs. Rio Grande) American blood on ‘American soil’.

What were the effects? The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) Southern boundary at the Rio Grande U.S. gained through the Mexican Cession: U.S. agreed to pay $15 million to Mexico

Conclusion What was the United States Goal? Manifest Destiny was achieved U.S. Boundaries now stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

Population Growth

In order to encourage immigration, the Texas government made public lands available at very cheap prices.

The state offered homesteaders 160-acre parcels of land for as little as .50 an acre (as compared to the concurrent U.S. price of $1.25 an acre) This availability of land encouraged many to move west.

Texas Population Explosion

POPULATION GROWTH Of Texas 1850= 212,000 By the eve of the 1861 Civil War= over 604,000.

Immigrants

1850 Census Data Texas had a total population of 212,592 people. The majority of that population, over 154,000 Texans, were listed as white. Mexicans included both Tejano families that had long lived in Texas and more recent immigrants.

Native Americans were not officially identified in any U. S Native Americans were not officially identified in any U.S. census until 1860. As a result, few, if any, Native Americans were counted in the 1850 census. The state government’s official policy toward Indians in the mid-1850s was to put the Indians on reservations. 1850 Census Data

1850 Census Data European immigrants were also a large part of foreign-born residents of Texas. The largest group came from Germany, numbering over 8,000. Irish immigrants, who numbered over 1,400, were the next largest group. Potato Famine Video

1850 Census Data There were two populations of African Americans in Texas recorded in the 1850 census. Those who were enslaved numbered over 58,000. Only 397 African Americans were listed as free.

Between 1848-1861, lands worked by slaves produced cash crops that encouraged westward expansion and more slaves. Cash Crops: crops that made profit, not just crops that supported a family Slavery in Texas

Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C. Compromise of 1850 Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C. Stronger fugitive slave law (runaway slaves to the North had to be returned to the South) California a free state Texas compensated for giving up land claims (gave parts of the land to U.S. and they were given $10 Million) Created the Texas borders today. Debating the Compromise of 1850 Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky proposed the Compromise Measures of 1850, a set of five bills favoring compromise among the states on the issue of slavery. President Millard Fillmore signed all five measures into law.

Compromise: mutual agreement in which each side gives up something it wants in order to reach a settlement. Texas received $10 million In exchange for present day borders California received statehood as a free state In exchange for Utah and New Mexico territories gain right to vote for slavery. Fugitive Slave Law required American citizens to capture slaves who ran away and return them to their owners. How did manifest destiny affect the distribution of settlements in Texas and the United States? ___________________________________________________