Parenthetical Citation MLA Citations Parenthetical Citation What it is Different ways to use it Samples Signal Phrases

Why are you learning this? Hawai'i State Benchmark LA.9.4.6 Use a prescribed documentation style to adhere to fair use and copyright guidelines for citing grade-appropriate sources in papers, projects, and multimedia presentations

You need to cite because... Citing is... Stating where you took your information from. You need to cite because... It's important to give credit where credit is due To prove you didn't plagiarize To prove you didn't make up all your information If someone thinks your information is amazingly interesting, they can easily find the same information you used

Parenthetical Citation Parenthetical = in parenthesis ( ) You find a parenthetical citation within the paragraphs to say where you got specific information. EVERY time you use information that you didn't previously know, you MUST use parenthetical citation.

How to Parenthetically Cite? If you know the author and page number Put that information in parenthesis like this: (Keeber 14). If you mentioned the author in the paragraph, just put the page number in the parenthesis like this: (14).

Sample Parenthetical Citation Author and Page number According to Sundeen's article “Dangers of Cell Phones while Driving”, Sample Parenthetical Citation Author and Page number Most states do not keep adequate records on the number of times cell phones are a factor in accidents; as of December 2000, only ten states were trying to keep such records (Sundeen 2). According to Sundeen's article “Dangers of Cell Phones while Driving”, most states do not keep adequate records on the number of times cell phones are a factor in accidents; as of December 2000, only ten states were trying to keep such records (2).

How to Parenthetically Cite: If you don't know the author but you do know the page number: --Sample title is “Running with Heels on”-- Put the first part of the title in the parenthesis behind the quote or paraphrase and add the page number if you have it like this: (“Running” 3)

Sample Parenthetical Citation Page Number but No Author As of 2001, at least three hundred towns and municipalities had considered legislation regulating use of cell phones while driving ("Lawmakers" 44). The article “Lawmakers: talking and driving” contends that as of 2001, at least three hundred towns and municipalities had considered legislation regulating use of cell phones while driving (44).

How to Parenthetically Cite If you don't know the page number or author (like most websites) --Sample website title “Owls are Good Luck”-- Use the first few words of the title in parenthesis like this: (“Owls”)

Sample Parenthetical Citation No Author No Page Number The California Highway Patrol opposes restrictions on the use of phones while driving, claiming that distracted drivers can already be prosecuted (“Distracted Drivers”). The article “Distracted Drivers” explains that California does not need to make a new law for cell phone use because California Highway Patrol already prosecutes distracted drivers.

Signal Phrases Let your audience know a quotation or a bit of paraphrased information is on its way by using a signal phrase. How to use a Signal Phrase: Start with Author's name or Article's name + Sample Signal Phrases: suggests, claims, explains, shows, argues, admits, adds, points out, reports, emphasizes Direct quotation or paraphrase

Now it's your turn! Author's Name: Jane Johnson Page Number: 19 Book Title: Teeth Should Last a Lifetime Quotation: “Every day, 75% of teenagers eat junk food without a thought of how it is affecting their teeth. By 18 years old, 45% of people have at least two fillings!” Please write a few sentences using this information and then parenthetically cite it.

Examples of Author and Page Number Known According to Johnson in her book Teeth Should Last a Lifetime , she claims that ¾ of teenagers eat food that is bad for their teeth every day (19). Before children turn 18, almost half of them have at least two cavities (Johnson 19).

It's your turn again! Author's Name: Alfred Mousel Page Number: ?? Article Title: “Creating Monsters” Magazine Title: Newsweek Quotation: “Frankenstein is not so far from reality anymore. Scientists in Southern California are growing human body parts and attaching them to humans at an alarming rate. They have already created ears, fingers, and toes which have been put onto people who have lost body parts in war.” Please write a few sentences using this information and then parenthetically cite it.

Examples of Known Author and Unknown Page Number Mousel explains in his article “Creating Monsters” that scientists have begun to construct organs and surgically attach them to human subjects. “Creating Monsters” points out that scientists have already begun to construct organs and surgically attach them to human subjects (Mousel).

Last one! Practice Websites! Author: Unknown Homepage: CNN.com Web Address: http://www.cnn.com/2010/LIVING/wayoflife/01/20/ ah.no-text.pledge/index.html Title of Webpage: Oprah: Stay off your phone while driving Quote: “Nearly 500,000 people are injured and 6,000 are killed each year because drivers are talking, texting and e-mailing behind the wheel, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation” Please use this information in a few sentences and make a parenthetical citation.

Some samples :) According to the article “Oprah: Stay off your phone while driving”, it states that “Nearly 500,000 people are injured and 6,000 are killed each year” because of using electronic devices while driving. OR Approximately 6,000 people per year are killed because of drivers. Drunk drivers are not the problem for these poor souls, distracted drivers using cell phones are what wound up killing them (“Oprah”)