Physical Properties of Matter

What Is Matter?

Classifying Matter Matter Mixtures Substances Homogeneous Elements same throughout cannot be separated into different kinds of matter Heterogeneous Compounds samples are not made of exactly the same portions of matter two or more elements that cannot be separated by physical means

Changes In Matter Physical Change Chemical Change (Example: Digestion) Chewing breaks up the apple into smaller pieces. Chemicals break down the apple into simple sugars.

Physical Changes In Matter …are changes in the physical properties of matter. Examples include phase changes from solid, liquid and gas.

Properties of Matter 3 States of Matter At a Constant Temperature: Stays the same shape and size Molecules stay in the same position Solid 1 Stays the same size No definite shape Molecules slide over each other No definite shape or size Molecules bounce off each other Liquid Fluids 2 Gas Most common state in universe High temp. causes atoms to fall apart Our sun and stars made of plasma. 3 Plasma

Water Phase Change Graph

m = D V Density of Solids Mass (g) cm3 Density (g/cm3) height x width x depth

Physical Properties of Solids Hardness – resistance to scratching Elasticity – ability to stretch and return to their original size Brittleness – tendency to shatter Malleable – ability to be pounded into thin sheets Tensile Strength – measure of how much pulling, or tension a material can withstand before breaking

Archimedes’ Principle Buoyancy Pressure Properties of Fluids Viscosity Archimedes’ Principle Charles’ Law Boyle’s Law

What Is Buoyancy? A 3rd Century BC mathematician Archimedes, discovered... Force exerted on an object in a liquid… is EQUAL to… Buoyancy is the measure of the upward pressure a fluid exerts on an object. Weight (force) of fluid displaced by that object.

A cooler day or a warmer day? Buoyancy of Gases Warmer Air Less Dense Inside Charles’ Law: The volume of a gas  (increases) as the temperature . The volume of a gas  (decreases) as the temperature. Cooler Air More Dense Outside On which day would it be easier to fly an air balloon? A cooler day or a warmer day?

The Viscosity of Fluids... is a measure of a material’s resistance to resist flow. Water Ketchup Which the above fluids resists flow more?

Viscosity