Chemical Bonding

Forming Bonds Atoms can bond to each other and make molecules. These bonds are what hold molecules together. Bonds form when atoms either give away or share electrons.

Ionic Bonds Ionic bonds form when one atom takes an electron from another atom. Stable atoms are atoms that have full valence shells. (Remember the Octet Rule) Unstable atoms are atoms that do not have filled valence shells

Ionic Compounds Usually solid at room temperature. Usually high melting and boiling points. Usually soluble in water. Conduct electricity when melted or when dissolved in water. 

Covalent Bonds Covalent bonds are bonds in which atoms share electrons.

Covalent Compounds Usually liquid or gas at room temperature. Usually low melting points and boiling points. Usually insoluble in water. Do not conduct electricity 

Metallic Bonds Metallic bonds occur when metal atoms share electrons. Electrons in the outer shells float together loosely and form a “sea” electrons.

Metallic Bonds Solid at Room Temp. Ex- Hg and Ga High thermal and electrical conductivity. Luster and high reflectivity. Malleability and ductility. They can be beaten or shaped without fracture. Variability of mechanical strengths (ranging from soft alkali metals to Tungsten, which is hard).