the corticobulbar system
Resources Neuroanatomy: Text and Atlas; Chapter 11 Introduction (Handout) http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/histology/course_online/ Year 1: Neuroanatomy Atlas Descending motor pathways--selected images (compare with powerpoint handout)
Corticobulbar system Cortical motor systems: Corticospinal Corticobulbar Primarily bilateral control: Jaw Larynx, pharynx Tongue Upper facial muscles Contralateral control: Lower facial muscles
Cortical motor areas Basal ganglia Cerebellum Descending cortical motor paths Descending brain stem paths Spinal cord: Intermediate zone Ventral horn Muscle
Cortical motor areas To muscle Descending cortical motor paths From motor cortex
Bilateral control of upper facial muscles Cingulate motor area 1° motor cortex Upper facial muscles Upper facial muscles Upper facial muscles Lower facial muscles Bilateral control of upper facial muscles 2. Redundant control of upper facial muscles
Cortical motor areas-lateral view
Cortical motor areas-medial view
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