SACRAMENTO STATE Geology 103 Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Tim Horner Geology Department, CSU Sacramento Lecture #2: Siliciclastic rock identification.

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SACRAMENTO STATE Geology 103 Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Tim Horner Geology Department, CSU Sacramento Lecture #2: Siliciclastic rock identification (shale, siltstone and conglomerate) Reading assignment: Boggs, 5th ed., pp. 101-122

composition with age of sediment Changes in clay composition with age of sediment Figure 5.12 from Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, 4thed., by Boggs, p. 142

Siltstone and shale classification Table 5.7 from Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, 5thed., by Boggs, p. 121

Effect of grain size on composition From Blatt, Middleton and Murray, Origin of Sedimentary Rocks, 1980

From Table 5.1 (Boggs, 4th edition, p. 121): Quartz = 65% of the average sandstone and 30% of the average shale Feldspar = 10-15% of the average sandstone and 5% of the average shale - Is less stable - Includes potassium feldspar (orthoclase, microcline... and plagioclase (albite through anorthite) Rock fragments = 10-15% of the average sandstone - are rare in shale

From Table 5.2 (Boggs, 4th edition, p. 128): Average chemical composition of a sandstone: SiO2 = 55-65% Al2O3 = 5-15% Fe2O3 = 2-5% Na2O, K2O, CaO, P2O5 = 1-2% Others: (trace metals, rare earth elements, etc) <<1%

Conglomerate classification Figure 5.10 from Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, 5thed., by Boggs, p. 116