The Cell Cycle: Interphase and Mitosis McGraw Hill 3-D animation: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/bio_animations/06_MH_CellCycle_Web/index.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHSs7HQs3d4

Purpose of the Cell Cycle The cell cycle is needed for growth, development, tissue repair etc. http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/human-embryonic-development Embryo developing from zygote animation

The CELL CYCLE (Sequence of growth and division of a cell) Interphase (cell grows, lives, undergoes metabolism etc.) G1 stage = cell growth and development, S stage= chromatin replicated in nucleus (S= DNA SYNTHESIS) G2 stage= Getting ready for MITOSIS centrioles (found only in animals) replicate making of proteins needed for MITOSIS F:\OneDrive\Desktop\animations from bio powerpoints\Chapter 08 BDOL IC

PMAT (stages of mitosis) Mitosis (process by which two daughter cells are formed, each with a complete set of chromosomes) PMAT (stages of mitosis)

Prophase chromosomes become visible sister chromatids attached by Centromere Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disintegrate centrioles move to opposite poles of cell The spindle apparatus forms https://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/07-how-dna-is-packaged-basic.html DNA Condensation Animation

Metaphase Chromosomes line up down middle (equator) of cell.

Anaphase Centromeres split and sister chromatids separate and are pulled toward opposite poles of cell.

Telophase Chromatids reach opposite poles of cell chromosomes unwind spindle breaks down nucleolus reappears nuclear envelope reforms

Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm Animals: plasma membrane pinches in along equator Plants: Cell Plate forms. C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\bio powerpoints\Chapter 08 BDOL IC

Differentiation Study the diagram and discuss. How does this occur?

Differentiation Cells specialize by turning on (expressing)some genes but turning off others.

8.3 Control of the Cell Cycle Enzymes control the cell cycle Normal Control of Cell Cycle Enzymes control the cell cycle Production of enzymes is controlled by genes (segments of DNA that control protein production) Cancer: Mistake in the Cell Cycle!! Mutations of genes that control the cell cycle Uncontrolled cell growth Tumors Metastasis= spreading of cancer to other body parts. 2nd leading cause of death in U.S. Causes of cancer Environmental factors (mutagens) certain viruses diet and exercise