Aqueous Chemistry Why should we study aqueous Chemistry? Water is fundamental requirement for life Most biomolecules are surrounded by water Water plays role in assembling biomolecules Water participates in biochemical processes
The human body is about 60% by weight water
Electronic structure of the water molecule
The water molecule is polar
A hydrogen bond
Structure of ice
Water molecules spontaneously form small hydrogen-bonded clusters
A water strider supported by the surface tension of water
Relative strengths of bonds in biological molecules
van der Waals radii
Hydrated solutes Water dissolved many compounds. Dissolved particle is called SOLUTE. Solute ion surrounded by water is called SOLVATED or HYDRATED
Glucose
A solution of molecules inside a cell
Dodecane
Hydration of a nonpolar molecule
Aggregation of nonpolar molecules in water
Fatty acid palmitate
A micelle formed by amphiphilic molecules The hydrophobic tails of the molecules aggregate,out of contact with water due to hydrophobic effect. The polar head groups are exposed and can interact with the solvent due to hydrophilic effect
A lipid bilayer
Lipid vesicle
A bilayer prevents the diffusion of polar substances
Ionic composition of intracellular and extracellular fluid
Sweat and exercise
Acid-base balance in humans