Chemical formula and Lewis Structures Formal Charge

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 1: Bonding and Molecular Structure CH 1-1 Introduction-Lewis Structures-Formal Charge Chemical formula and Lewis Structures Formal Charge Covalent bonds (sigma and pi) Hybridization Molecular geometry Constitutional Isomers Dash formula, condensed formula, zig-zag formula

Lewis Structures of Simple Organic Molecules How many Valence Electrons at each atom?

Lewis Structures of Simple Organic Molecules How many Covalent Bonds to each atom? Try drawing possible Lewis Structures

Lewis Structures of Simple Organic Molecules Lewis Structures or Dash Formulas: (ethanol) (dimethyl ether)

Lewis Structures of Charged Organic Molecules: Formal Charge for an Atom [C2H3O2]-1 FC(atom) = # Valence electrons - # Owned electrons FC(atom) = VE(atom) – OE(atom) OE = total # bonds + # lone pair electrons

FC(atom*) = VE(atom*) – OE(atom*) -1 +1 +1 -1

Summary: Formal Charge for C, O, N CARBON 4 bonds = neutral charge (normal # of bonds) 3 bonds = +1 (no lone pairs) or -1 (one lone pair) 5 bonds = never, never, never, never, never…… OXYGEN 2 bonds = neutral charge (normal # of bonds) 1 bond = -1 charge 3 bonds = +1 charge (i.e., hydronium ion) NITROGEN 3 bonds = neutral charge (normal # of bonds) 2 bonds = -1 charge 4 bonds = +1 charge (i.e., ammonium ion) HALOGENS 1 bond = neutral charge (normal # of bonds No bonds = -1 charge (halide ions) 2 bonds = +1 charge (very rare; halonium ion)