NEW IMPERIALISM CH.24 1800-1914

Building Overseas Empires The Industrial Revolution transformed the West With new economic & political power, Western nations set out to dominate the world Imperialism: the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

Motives for Imperialism: Why? Since 1492, European nations established colonies in the Americas, South Asia, coasts of Africa & China Centrally governed nation-states emerged IR created needs for natural resources, customers, investments, & immigration options Nationalism Ex. France moved into W. Africa, Britain & Germany took nearby lands to halt their expansion Military motives Social Darwinism Growing ideas of racial superiority Religious & humanitarian goals Motives for Imperialism:

Western Imperialism Spread Rapidly West grew stronger in the 1800s Other older civilizations were in decline Ottoman Middle East, Mughal India, Qing China W. Africans were fighting each other & slave trade left a damaging impact Africans & Asians strongly resisted “The weapon most associated with British imperial conquest” Maxim Gun

Forms of Imperialism Different kinds of imperialism French used direct rule British used indirect rule (often local rulers) Encouraged their kids to attend British schools, “Westernized” generation of leaders Forms of Western Control Colony: Territory settled ruled by people from another Protectorate: Local rulers left in place but follow advice from European advisors Sphere of Influence: An area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges

As a group, read your section and create a poster that represents the information. You will use this poster as a visual aid to teach your section to the class. This is for a grade, the group with the best poster will also receive extra credit.

Islamic revival around 1800s Success inspired other Islamic movements Partition of Africa North Africa: Sahara & fertile Mediterranean Muslim world West Africa: Islamic revival around 1800s Usman dan Fodio, sharia law, set up powerful Islamic state in northern Nigeria Success inspired other Islamic movements East Africa Long influenced by Islam Slave trade to Middle East Ivory & copper trade with India South Africa: Zulus emerged as major force, their leader Shaka waged relentless war Mass migrations & chaos Boers (descendants of Dutch farmers in Cape Colony) fled N when CC passed from Dutch to British, Zulu spears were no match for Boer guns Struggle for control would last almost a century

European Contact Increases David Livingston Best-known explorer & missionary Travelled Africa for 30 years he wrote about the people (with sympathy & little bias) Opposed the slave trade He hadn’t been heard from so in 1869, Henry Stanley went to find him (1871) Shortly after, King Leopold II of Belgium hired Stanley to explore the Congo

European Contact Increases King Leopold II claimed the Congo and forced native Congolese to collect ivory & harvest/process rubber Millions were killed

Africans were not invited or made privy to their decisions. The Scramble for Africa: Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 Meeting at the Berlin residence of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1884, the foreign ministers of fourteen European powers and the United States established ground rules for the future exploitation of the "dark continent." Africans were not invited or made privy to their decisions.

Map showing European claims to the African continent in 1913