Plantar tissue stiffness in patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy Joseph W. Klaesner, PhD, Mary K. Hastings, PT, MS, Dequan Zou, DSc, Cara Lewis, PT, MS, Michael J. Mueller, PT, PhD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 83, Issue 12, Pages 1796-1801 (December 2002) DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2002.35661 Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 The viscoelastic model developed by Pathak et al.20 Abbreviations: K, spring constants; C, dashpot constant; F, force. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 1796-1801DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.35661) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions
Fig. 2 The indentor system developed by our laboratory. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 1796-1801DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.35661) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions
Fig. 3 Indentation method used by our physical therapists. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 1796-1801DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.35661) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions
Fig. 4 Our parallel 3-element viscoelastic model. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 1796-1801DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.35661) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions
Fig. 5 Typical data obtained during an indentation. Illustrated are the 2 regions governed by the 2 equations: F=K1X for 0≤X≤XS; and F=K1X+K2(X−XS)+CX for XS<X≤XMAX. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 1796-1801DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.35661) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions
Fig. 6 A comparison of K1 values between patients with DM and control subjects. Abbreviation: Met, metatarsal. * Both groups significantly different (P<.05). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 1796-1801DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.35661) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions