Oral magnesium reduces gastric mucosa susceptibility to injury in experimental diabetes mellitus  A.O. Ige, E.O. Adewoye, N.C. Okwundu, O.E. Alade, P.C. Onuobia  Pathophysiology  Volume 23, Issue 2, Pages 87-93 (June 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.04.003 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Plate 1 (A–D) Photomicrograph of stomach section in control, diabetic treated and untreated rats. A=Control animals, B=Diabetic untreated, C=Diabetic animals treated with magnesium (250mg/kg), D=Diabetic animals treated with insulin (3IU/kg). Scale bar (1cm=50μM). Sections show control animals with normal architecture and preserved mucosa epithelial cells layer (white arrow), the submucosal layer (blue arrow) and circular muscle layers (red arrow) are normal (A). Diabetic untreated animals (DU) had several ova of parasites embedded in tissue mucosa layer (green arrows). There is also moderate infiltration of inflammatory cells within the submucosal layers (B). The DMg250 treatment groups showed moderate pappilary infolding and moderately preserved mucosa epithelial cells layer (white arrow), the submucosal (blue arrow) and circular muscle (red arrow) layers are normal (C). Diabetic animals treated with insulin (DI) showed moderately sloughed surface epithelial cells layer (white arrow), the submucosal layer (blue arrow) and the circular muscle layers (red arrow) are also normal (D). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend and in the text, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) Pathophysiology 2016 23, 87-93DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.04.003) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Plate 2 (A–D) Photomicrograph of stomach section in control, diabetic treated and untreated rats. A=Control animals, B=Diabetic untreated, C=Diabetic animals treated with magnesium (250mg/kg), D=Diabetic animals treated with insulin (3IU/kg). Scale bar (1cm=75μM). The stomach section of control animals (A) had normal architecture and preserved mucosa epithelial cells layer (white arrow), the mucosa layer show no infiltration of the gastric glands and lamina propria (slender arrow). The submucosal layer is also normal (blue arrow). Diabetic untreated rats (B) had several ova of parasites embedded in the tissue mucosa layer (green arrow). There was also moderate infiltration of inflammatory cells within the submucosal layers. The DMg250 treatment group (C) had stomach section showing mucosa layer with no infiltration of the gastric glands and lamina propria (slender arrow). The submucosal layer is also normal (blue arrow). The DI treatment group (D) had mucosa layer with no infiltration of the gastric glands and lamina propria (slender arrow). The circular muscle layer (red arrow) was also normal. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend and in the text, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) Pathophysiology 2016 23, 87-93DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.04.003) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions