Pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

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Pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies using real-world data Mohammad Adil, Rashid Ali Khan, Pinaki Ghosh, Shiva Kumar Venkata, Amit Dattatraya Kandhare, Manju Sharma Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health Volume 6, Issue 2, Pages 61-68 (June 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2017.08.002 Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 PRISMA flow diagram of study selection process. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2018 6, 61-68DOI: (10.1016/j.cegh.2017.08.002) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Forest plot of the association between use of pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer. Red squares and horizontal lines represent study-specific estimates and 95% CI. The size of the square is proportional to the weights of the individual studies. Black diamond represents pooled estimates (center) and 95% CI (width). Abbreviation: SE: standard error, IV: inverse variance, BC: bladder cancer. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2018 6, 61-68DOI: (10.1016/j.cegh.2017.08.002) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Forest plot of the association between dose of pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer. Red squares and horizontal lines represent study-specific estimates and 95% CI. The size of the square is proportional to the weights of the individual studies. Black diamond represents pooled estimates (center) and 95% CI (width). Abbreviation: SE: standard error, IV: inverse variance, BC: bladder cancer. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2018 6, 61-68DOI: (10.1016/j.cegh.2017.08.002) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Forest plot of the association between duration of pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer. Red squares and horizontal lines represent study-specific estimates and 95% CI. The size of the square is proportional to the weights of the individual studies. Black diamond represents pooled estimates (center) and 95% CI (width). Abbreviation: SE: standard error, IV: inverse variance, BC: bladder cancer. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2018 6, 61-68DOI: (10.1016/j.cegh.2017.08.002) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions