Chapter 5-2 Warm - Up 1. What is a compound? 2. What is the difference between bond length and bond angle? 3. What are the 3 different types of models that represent molecules? 4. ________ are intermolecular attractions that occur between water molecules.

Chapter 5-2 The Structure of Matter Ionic and Covalent Bonding

Bonding Bonded atoms usually have a stable electron configuration Valence electrons interact Structure similar to noble gases

Bonds Bonds can be stretched without breaking Flexible rubber bands

Ionic Bonds Ionic Bond – formed by attraction between oppositely charged ions Metal Elements – positive Nonmetal Elements – negative Network structure

Ionic Bonds Formed by the transfer of electrons Instead of sharing outer most electrons they are transferred Na+ ion and Cl- ion

Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds are in the form of networks, not molecules Na+ and Cl- form to make NaCl 1:1 Ratio for a zero charge Ca2+ and F- form to make CaF2 1:2 Ratio for a zero charge

Ionic Compounds When melted or dissolved in water ionic compounds conduct electricity Electric current – moving charges

Metallic Bonds Metallic Bond – formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them

Metallic Bond Atoms in metals Atom’s nucleus and neighboring electrons packed tightly together Electrons overlap and move freely Conduct electricity

Covalent Bond Covalent Bond – formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons Compounds made of molecules Low boiling point Water and sugar Nonmetals

Covalent Bond Most of the molecules remain intact and do not conduct electricity No charge

Lewis Dot Structure

A line shows atoms share 2 electrons

Triple Covalent Bond

Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic Ion – an ion made of 2 or more atoms Both ionic and covalent bonds

Parentheses Group Polyatomic Ions Ammonium Sulfate is written as: (NH4)2SO4 Act like a single ion 2 ammonia ions Carbonate ion: CO32- 2- charge

Made of Oxygen -ite -ate The charge of each ion pair is the same. One less oxygen atom -ate One more oxygen atom The charge of each ion pair is the same.