19th Century Responses to Liberalism Luddites, Chartists and Classical Conservatism

Opposition to Liberalism

Why did ideologies develop in opposition to classical liberalism? Outcome 2.7

Overview Classical Liberalism Opposition to liberalism Reaction by Liberals Welfare capitalism Welfare state Keynesian economics Opposition to liberalism Luddites Chartists Socialists Classical Conservatism Classical Liberalism theory practice

Liberalism Dominant political theory in the 19the century. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Favor parliamentary government. People can pursue their own self-interest. Society is a collection of individuals. The right to vote ______________________________________________________________________________ Strong supporter of Capitalism.

Liberalism’s View Towards Industrial Revolution Government should allow _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Support industrialism and technological change. All lead to liberty and freedom. Oppose ________________________________

#1 LUDDITES The Luddites, a band of nineteenth century English handicraftsmen, rioted in protest to the textile machinery that had taken them out of business. Luddites __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. During the Industrial Revolution, the laws and customs which had been installed to protect the working class of England were ignored and eventually abandoned. For example, the Minimum Wage Bill of 1808 decreased minimum wage and the Combination Acts, banned trade unions. These were just some of the many sparks which drove the Luddites to rebellion.

#2 Chartists Working-class in Britain that focused on political and social reform. They called for: The right to vote was __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ironically, while the chartists were a persecuted group, most of their demands were eventually implemented in the Reform Acts of 1867 and 1884 Universal suffrage for all men over 21 Equal-sized electoral districts Voting by secret ballot An end to the need for property qualifications for Parliament Pay for Members of Parliament - Annual elections

Chartists continued… TO CONSIDER: Read section on pg. 132-133 - What main principle liberalism were the Chartists fighting to have recognized? - What groups opposed change to the system? Why?

Reacting to Classical Liberalism: Classical Conservatism Father of Conservatism: Edmund Burke ( 1729 -1797 ) Famous Book: Reflections of the Revolution of France (1790): criticized the French Revolution Revolution was not democratic - chaotic, violent and murderous. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Foresaw the implications of the revolution (i.e., execution of Louis XVI, Reign of Terror and Napoleon’s regime.)

Classical Conservatism A reaction to classical liberalism Wanted to revert back to the way things were before Edmund Burke and classical conservatives beliefs: Society __________________________(people are not equal—some people suited for leadership) __________________________________government Care for the ________________________ Stability of society is paramount—achieved __________________________________________________________________________________________