25-1: Mobilization on the Home Front

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25-1: Mobilization on the Home Front

Selective Service Act Instituted the first peace time draft (1940) Provided the country with about 10 million soldiers 6 million others will enlist

Women on the Home Front About 250,000 served in the (WAAC), Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps and other auxiliary branches 6 million went to work in war related industries

Minorities ½ million Mexican-Americans, tens of thousands of Asian and Native Americans, enlisted in the armed forces and 1 million African Americans served in segregated units

Manufacturers Factories were converted to produce war goods Shipyards and defense plants were built and expanded

A. Philip Randolph He organized a march on Washington D.C. that forced President Roosevelt to issue an executive order calling on employers and labor unions in defense industries to stop discriminating against African Americans Start movie at 2:30 seconds

Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) Spurred improvements in radar and sonar Encouraged development of pesticides (example, DDT for lice) Development of “miracle drugs” = antibiotics Development of the atomic bomb = Manhattan Project

Entertainment Hollywood churned out war oriented propaganda films Movies that offered opportunities to escape from the realities of war were created = romance, comedies, musicals Patriotic songs were produced Movie stars produced informational movie-shorts on war effort related news

Office of Price Administration (OPA) Fought inflation by freezing prices on most goods Set up a system of rationing of scarce goods Will raise taxes and sell war bonds to help fund the war

War Production Board Oversaw the production of peace-time goods to war-time production Allocated raw materials to the key industries that needed it for war production Organized nation-wide scrap drives = need metal

RATIONING Reduced consumption of energy, goods and supplies deemed essential for the military

George Marshall: His idea to create the WAAC allowed women to perform non-combat duties like clerical work freeing up soldiers from performing non-combat tasks Nisei: Japanese Americans born in the U.S. Before Pearl Harbor thousands of Nisei were drafted; after Pearl Harbor, thousands were shipped to internment camps