British Imperialism In India

Setting the Stage British interest in India began in the 1600s - The British East India Company set up trading posts in port cities of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta At first, Mughal rulers in India kept European traders under control – by 1701, the Empire was collapsing 1757 – Robert Clive led East India troops to victory over Indian forces allied with the French at the Battle of Plassey Until 1858, The East India Company ruled India via economic imperialism Area controlled by the Company Covered South India to Bangladesh and in some places reached the Ganges River in Northern India

British Expand Control Over India Officially the British government regulated the Company’s efforts in London and India – had little interference from the government Company had its own army led by British officers Army is Staffed by Sepoys—Indian soldiers – well trained; they were referred to as a dangerous and delicate machine At first, the British treasured India more for its potential rather than its profit and became Britain's most valuable colony - “jewel in the crown” Had Valuable goods: tea, cotton, gems, minerals, Pool of low-cost labor – 300 million people lived in India during the 1800s Sea ports that connected with foreign ports

Sepoy Soldiers

British Transport Goods India’s worth increased when the British build railroads Transported raw materials that were produced on plantations – Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, Opium Trade in specific crops was effected by certain events – American Civil War cut off cotton supply from U.S. to England, so Bengal had to produce more of the product to supply Britain Downside is that Focus on cash crops = reduced food production – caused famines in the 1800s Also resulted loss of self-sufficiency of Indian people = particularly the labor force

Upsides of Colonialism Laying railroads in India created the third largest railroad network in the world at the time Railroads enabled India to develop a modern economy that brought unity to the connected regions Along with the railroads, Telephone/telegraph lines, dams, bridges and irrigation canals = more modernization Sanitation and public health improved – Schools and colleges were founded and literacy began to increase British troops cleared central India of bandits and put an end to local warfare among competing rulers

The Sepoy Mutiny By 1850, the British controlled most of the Indian subcontinent but there pockets of discontent in India Many Indians believed that the British were trying to convert them from Hinduism to Christianity because of the missionaries arriving in India Indians also resented the racism/discrimination the British expressed towards them In 1857, a rumor spread that the guns the Sepoys used had cartridges that were lined with pig fat Caused contention because Sepoys had to bite off ends of cartridges to use in their guns Sepoys refused to use them because Hindus and Muslims view pigs as unclean

The Sepoy Mutiny (Cont.) Sepoys marched to Delhi and spread rebellion in North/Central India – Sepoy Mutiny (1857) (also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857) The uprising took over much of northern India – both British and Sepoys fought each other viciously to slaughter each other’s armies The East India Company took more than a year to take control of the country The Indians could not unite against the British due to splits between Hindus/Muslims Many Hindu Indian preferred to live under British rule rather than live under Muslim Mughal control In 1858, the British government took direct control of India – Raj – Specifically called so when Queen Victoria came into power – Promised all the Indian states that supported the Company they would honor all treaties made

What is a CCOT Essay? This essay compares how ideas/situations/etc. stayed the same or changed over time. Could be about ideas, physical locations, systems (governments), etc Practice Prompt (Write Down): Explain the continuities and changes in Europe from 100 – 1600 A.D.

1st Step: Pre-Write Create a list of possible changes and continuities in a table format One side should be “Changes” Other side should be “Continuities” Identify as many changes and continuities as possible to craft the essay

Pre-Write Changes Continuities

Pre-Write (Find 2 More Changes/Continuities) After overcoming persecution within the Roman Empire, Christianity becomes and accepted, and later, the dominant religion in Europe (helped because of missionaries/apostles and the conversion of Constantine in the 300s A.D.) Christianity is not uniform in Europe – Roman Catholic Church split with the Eastern Orthodox Church during the Great Schism and the Reformation led to breaking between Catholics and Protestants (helped largely by Luther and his 95 Thesis)

Pre-Write (Find 2 More Changes/Continuities) 1. After overcoming persecution within the Roman Empire, Christianity becomes and accepted, and later, the dominant religion in Europe (helped because of missionaries/apostles and the conversion of Constantine in the 300s A.D.) 2. Centralized states provided law and order for the citizens of Europe 3. Trade becomes an important aspect due European society (Roman Empire, later part of the Middle Ages) 1. Christianity is not uniform in Europe – Roman Catholic Church split with the Eastern Orthodox Church during the Great Schism and the Reformation led to breaking between Catholics and Protestants (helped largely by Luther and his 95 Thesis) 2. Major empires like the Roman (nomadic invasions) and Byzantine Empires (Ottoman Empire) give way to smaller centralized states like the Carolingian and Holy Roman Empires – End of classical/overreaching empires 3. With trade comes the onset of diseases like the Black Plague, which altered Europe’s population while also introducing new technologies and goods that weren’t really seen/r

1-2 Sentences: Introduce the topic (Europe) Thesis: Background Practice Prompt Explain the continuities and changes in Europe from 100 – 1600 A.D. 1-2 Sentences: Introduce the topic (Europe) Hint: Think about what it was home to from 100 – 1600 B.C.

Thesis: Background (Cont.) Ex. Europe, a subcontinent west of Asia and north of Africa, is home to many different peoples and bears the histories of various kingdoms and empires.

Thesis: Continuities 1-2 Sentences: Write/list the continuities that you found about Europe

Thesis: Continuities Ex. From 100 to 1600 A.D., Europe was heavily influenced by the onset of Christianity, was ruled by successive kingdoms or empires, and experienced drops and influxes of trade.

Thesis: Changes 2-3 Sentences: Write the changes that were found in European society that were related to Continuities

Thesis: Changes Ex. While Christianity was the dominant religion in Europe during the time period, certain events changed the way some people practiced it. Centralized kingdoms or states were not long lasting and the increase in trade caused changes in population availability of technologies and products

Put It Together!!! Europe, a subcontinent west of Asia and north of Africa, is home to many different peoples and bears the histories of various kingdoms and empires. From 100 to 1600 A.D., Europe was heavily influenced by the onset of Christianity, was ruled by successive kingdoms or empires, and experienced drops and influxes of trade. While Christianity was the dominant religion in Europe during the time period, certain events changed the way some people practiced it. Centralized kingdoms or states were not long lasting and the increase in trade caused changes in population availability of technologies and products

Put It Together!!! Europe, a subcontinent west of Asia and north of Africa, is home to many different peoples and bears the histories of various kingdoms and empires. From 100 to 1600 A.D., Europe was heavily influenced by the onset of Christianity, was ruled by successive kingdoms or empires, and experienced drops and influxes of trade. While Christianity was the dominant religion in Europe during the time period, certain events changed the way some people practiced it. Centralized kingdoms or states were not long lasting and the increase in trade caused changes in population availability of technologies and products B CH CON

Use Pgs. 791 - 795