Advanced Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging of Language Function Recovery After Aphasic Stroke: A Technical Review  Marion Smits, MD, PhD, Evy G. Visch-Brink, MA, PhD, Mieke E. van de Sandt-Koenderman, MA, PhD, Aad van der Lugt, MD, PhD  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  Volume 93, Issue 1, Pages S4-S14 (January 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.02.023 Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Three dimensional brain renderings with superposition of activation maps (thresholded at T>3.5 and cluster size>10 voxels) from fixed effects group analyses of 6 healthy, right-handed subjects.40(A) Activation during an auditorily presented rhyme judgment task; (B) activation during an auditorily presented semantic decision task. During both tasks, activation is seen bilaterally and left-lateralized in the posterior temporal regions (classic Wernicke's area). Exclusively left-sided inferior frontal gyrus activation (classic Broca's area) is predominantly seen during the rhyme judgment task. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2012 93, S4-S14DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2011.02.023) Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Axial T1-weighted sections of the brain with superposition of activation maps (thresholded at T>5 and cluster size>10 voxels) from fixed effects group analyses of 6 healthy, right-handed subjects during the performance of an auditorily presented semantic decision task.40 With continuous acquisition (left-hand figure), activation is much more widespread, with additional activation in the frontal language areas, compared with clustered volume acquisition (right-hand figure). Activation is expected to be lateralized to the left hemisphere in these right-handers, which is evident with clustered volume acquisition, but less so with continuous acquisition. Presumably, because stimuli need to be extracted from the background scanner noise with continuous acquisition, additional brain areas, such as for secondary auditory processing and phonologic processing, are recruited. Abbreviations: L, left; R, right. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2012 93, S4-S14DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2011.02.023) Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Axial and coronal T1-weighted sections of the brain of a single, right-handed healthy volunteer with superposition of language activation as well as DT-t of the arcuate fasciculus, interconnecting the frontal and posterior temporoparietal language areas. Note the leftward lateralization of both the language activation and the arcuate fasciculus.96 Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2012 93, S4-S14DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2011.02.023) Copyright © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions