First Nations, Metis and Inuit

A Migration The first Indigenous people crossed into Canada 30,000 years ago. They would have crossed when the Bering Strait was frozen. They crossed over from what is today Asia to Alaska following herds of animals.

Canada There are three different Indigenous groups in Canada 1. First Nations 2. Metis 3. Inuit Each group is comprised of smaller groups. These groups shared commonalities like: Holistic view on knowledge An interconnectedness with land and community A reliance of plants for medicine

Indigenous Technology Knowledge Traditionally their knowledge was passed on orally Transportation Canoes Kayaks Toboggans Snowshoes

Specific Groups

Iroquois St. Lawerance lowlands Sedentary – Farmers Matriarchically form of government Village centred around longhouses Diet: corn, squash and beans

Algonquin Lived on the Canadian Shield (Eastern and Central Canada) Hunters and gathers Patriarchal Nomadic, lived in Wigwams Traveled using, canoe, snowshoes and toboggans.

Jacques Cartier

Exploration Cartier made three trips to Canada 1534 1535 1541 Commissioned by the King of France to: Find an alternative route to the East Bring back gold, silk and other riches. Claim land for the King of France On his first voyage he claimed land for the King and reported on the fur, timber and fish.

Did Cartier and the King of France have right to claim land in Canada? Discussion Questions Did Cartier and the King of France have right to claim land in Canada?

1535 and 1541 2nd Voyage Cartier brought over more men. Indigenous people taught  Europeans how to survive in Canada 3rd Voyage Set up a colony in Canada Cartier came with missionaries to convert the First Nations people Original colony was abandoned within the year

In Class Activity Using what we have learnt today, create a comic strip of Cartier's 3 voyages. Additional independent research is encouraged. Requirements: At least 3 different scenes Neat, colourful and easy to understand A short explanation of each picture is required * I love stick figures as long as the meaning is clear!

Samuel De Champlain

1608 Next France explorer to try to set up a colony in North America Set up fur trade monopolies These monopolies were given to European fur traders as long as they tried to convert the Indigenous people The fur trade brought an alliance between the French and the Huron and Algonquins.  It also created an alliance between Iroquois and the Dutch and English

The Fur Trade  Introduced alcohol, guns and disease into the Indigenous communities.  Created division/battles among the Europeans and their Indigenous allies. Within a couple of generations of Europeans arriving in North and South America 95% of the Indigenous population had died off. Many Indigenous groups like the Huron became extinct.