Direct perception: Ecological realism and perception-action

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Presentation transcript:

Direct perception: Ecological realism and perception-action PJ Treffner metaffordance.com click

Dynamic occlusion: Accretion & deletion of optical structure (Gibson, 1969) Deletion of optical structure by moving surface specifies: 1) an edge 2) moving object is NEARER

Dynamic occlusion: Accretion & deletion of optical structure 2 Deletion of optical structure by stationary surface specifies: 1) an edge 2) moving object is FARTHER

Dynamic occlusion: Accretion & deletion of optical structure Deletion (hiding) and accretion (revealing) of optical structure specifies edges of an object.

Dynamic occlusion: Accretion & deletion of optical structure We do not need an edge to see an edge! The information for an edge is NOT an edge! The information for an edge is a higher-order relation in the optic array.

Deletion & accretion of optical structure Deletion & accretion specifies: 1) edges 2) moving object is NEARER 3) enhanced “3D” effect

We do not need stimulation to perceive existence

Unusual conditions: surprise & attention

Point light displays Link: http://www.biomotionlab.ca/Demos/BMLwalker.html

Summary: Dynamic occlusion We do not need a line to see a line (the information for a line is not a line) The information for a thing is not the thing We do not need “continuous stimulation” to see that something exists Relative motion is sufficient to experience “depth” (no need to have two eyes to create stereo 3D, etc) The information specifying reality is a higher-order relation in the optic array

“causes”?? Indirect Perception “Stimulus” “Response” “World” Cue 1

“is lawfully specific to” Direct Perception (“direct realism” or “ecological approach”) Perception Environmental property or event: affordances THE WORLD Information “is lawfully specific to”

Affordances: the perceived properties of the environment Information is detected… but affordances are perceived a) If information is specific to the environment and b) If perception is specific to information then c) perception can be specific to the environment

PERCEPTION-ACTION CYCLE Intention- Attention PERCEPTION-ACTION CYCLE Information specific to Action constrains Perception constrains Information reveals

Summary: ecological realism Perception is based on information, not on sensations. The sensations are mere side-effects and irrelevant for an explanation; The information for a thing is not the thing… The information consists of higher-order properties, the invariants embedded within the optic array; The invariants can be detected by suitably attuned and active perceptual system; Information specifies affordances, the real opportunities for action in the real world. 2012: Searle finally acknowledges that Gibson “is on the right track”: On action: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCp_Y9qF2ok#t=06m08s On Gibson: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCp_Y9qF2ok#t=07m18s On direct perception: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCp_Y9qF2ok#t=29m20s