US HISTORY From Exploration to Colonization Chapter 3

From Exploration to Colonization The discovery of the Americas and the period of early European Exploration starting with Christopher Columbus up to the explorations of Henry Hudson Made possible by advancements in their new discoveries, new maps and navigation technology ( sextant, astrolabe) that enabled ships to make the 3000 mile voyage to north america. Led to the start of the colonial era  The ships transferred people to new territories to live as permanent settlers, or colonists. The countries of Europe and their colonists took advantage of the resources of the New World whilst maintaining political allegiance to their country of origin, their 'Mother Country'.

Vocabulary Colony – land and people permanently living there, controlled by a foreign country Example: “England established colonies in America.” Colonist – a person living in a colony; a permanent settler Colonial – (adj) describes things related to colonies Example: The colonial era was a time of great change. Market – place where goods can be traded or sold Imperialism – when one country establishes and controls many colonies in another country

What were the benefits of establishing colonies? Imports The colonies would be a source of goods to bring back to Europe Gold, Silver Fish, Agricultural crops (sugar, tobacco, corn) & other natural resources,silk, spices Exports The colonies would be a “market” for European goods that were needed in the colonies Competition for Power As European countries saw the riches being brought back to Spain, as it expanded its empire in the Americas, they quickly saw the importance of establishing their own land claims and colonies.

Spain’s Global Empire North America Central America South America First to explore and establish settlements in Florida, Texas and the southwest US Central America Conquered Aztecs; established settlements in Mexico South America Conquered Incas; established settlements in Peru and other parts of South America Parts of Africa & Asia (Phillipines) Needed gold and silver to pay for their many wars with the Turkish (Ottoman) Empire Attempted to spread Christianity through missionaries

England’s Global Empire At one time, Great Britain controlled: Canada Australia (penal colony; colony for prisoners) India Parts of Africa The Caribbean Islands – became one of the most important colonies in the new world to England due to highly profitable sugar plantations The Atlantic coast of North America (the 13 colonies)

European Settlements & Land Claims in the Americas Spain has already established “borderlands” and land claims in Florida, Texas and the southwestern US, as well as Mexico and much of South America Portugal has established settlements in Brazil, South America. France has already established settlements and fur trading posts in Canada and in the Louisiana territory. The Dutch & Swedish had a few settlements as well. The first 13 colonies were colonized by England

The Big Picture Old World in the New World

Chronological Review

The English Colonies in America

The English Colonies Divided into 3 Geographic Regions: New England Region Middle Atlantic Region Southern Region

Roanoke “Part II” 2nd attempt / to establish English colony in North America by John White; 1587 Ran out of supplies. White returned to England for supplies. Returned to find no trace of the original 120 men, women and children. The Lost Colony short America Unearthed: Roanoke (long)

Jamestown The first English colony to survive Not exactly successful at first Many men came, only a small percentage survived John Smith Pocohontas John Rolfe Had success with tobacco as an export back to Europe Eventually became the colony of Virginia

The Thirteen English Colonies A Brief Overview

Can you name the 13 colonies? New Hampshire New York Massachusetts Rhode Island Pennsylvania Connecticut Virginia New Jersey Delaware North Carolina Maryland South Carolina Can you name the 13 colonies? Georgia

Colony Project