Antebellum politics Unity and division

Presidential election of 1800 winner Presidential election of 1800 John Adams (Sitting Pres. = Incumbent) Federalist Party Supported by New England (Northern States) Platform: Strong federal government Rule by wealthy class Manufacturing based economy British Alliance Loose interpretation of the Constitution Thomas Jefferson (Sitting Vice President) Democratic-Republican Party Supported by Southern States Platform: Strong state governments Rule by the people Agriculture based economy French Alliance Strict interpretation of the Constitution

British & French Aggression 1800-1812 Louisiana Purchase (1803) from France Mississippi River Provided farmers with direct to merchant route in Port of New Orleans New Orleans One of the largest trading ports in the Western Hemisphere Lewis & Clark Expedition

British & French Aggression 1800-1812 British & French Attacks on American Shipping Impressment Embargo Act of 1807 Restricted trade with foreign nations, specifically Britain & France War Hawks – Americans from South and the West that supported a war (KY – Henry Clay & SC – John C. Calhoun) Hartford Convention – New England based Federalists leaders that opposed the idea of war and proposed the idea of leaving the US (secession). Seen as unpatriotic and treasonous by most Americans resulting in the disappearance of the Federalist Party.

War of 1812 Andrew Jackson President James Madison asks Congress to declare war against Great Britain In response to GB arming Native American tribes in the Ohio River Valley, seizing American trade ships, and violating the sovereignty of the United States. Washington burned, US Invasion of Canada and the Battle of New Orleans. Stalemate in March of 1815.

Post war nationalism Post-war era after War of 1812. Unite or die! Unification of the nation to stand up to GB again. “Era of Good Feelings” (1815-1824) a slogan coined by a Boston newspaper. Synonymous with the presidency of James Monroe (1817-1824) Political unity Start of decline and disunity with Panic of 1819.

Missouri compromise Missouri applies for statehood Northerners fear that allowing another slave state would give the South an advantage in representation and vice versa. Henry Clay helps to negotiate a compromise – Missouri admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state. 36° 30’ North Latitude established by Missouri Compromise of 1820.