Mitosis & Meiosis Lesson 6.

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Meiosis is a special form of cell division.

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Presentation transcript:

Mitosis & Meiosis Lesson 6

Quick Review DNA Structure and Replication Chromosomes, Genes, mRNA, Proteins Central Dogma Coding and Non-Coding DNA Gene regulation (regulatory sequences, histones) Protein structure = function Protein expression patterns = unique cell types

Our Road Map Cell Division Mitosis Meiosis Heredity Traits DNA Chromosomes RNA Protein Genes Replication

Zoom Out: Cell Division

Chromosomes Humans receive 23 chromosomes from mom and 23 from dad Autosomal chromosomes are numbered from longest (1) to shortest (22) and pair up as homologous chromosomes Sex chromosomes include X and Y: XX for female XY for male

Replicated Chromosomes Name the structure that links sister chromatids:

Cell Division Mitosis Meiosis The process by which somatic cells (all cells of the body except gametes) divide 23 pairs (46 total) chromosomes after division Daughter cells are diploid Two daughter cells are produced from one mitotic cell The process by which gametes (eggs and sperm) are produced 23 individual chromosomes in a mature gamete Crossing over ensures genetic diversity Gametes are haploid Four gametes are produced from one meiotic cell

Mitosis You do not need to memorize the phases! The process by which somatic cells (all cells of the body except gametes) divide 23 pairs (46 total) chromosomes after division Daughter cells are diploid Two daughter cells are produced from one mitotic cell You do not need to memorize the phases!

Meiosis You do not need to memorize the phases! The process by which gametes (eggs and sperm) are produced 23 individual chromosomes in a mature gamete Crossing over ensures genetic diversity Gametes are haploid Four gametes are produced from one meiotic cell You do not need to memorize the phases!

Need to Know Key Information Key Vocabulary Mitosis results in two identical diploid daughter cells Meiosis results in four non-identical haploid gametes Gametes are non-identical because of crossing over, an event where homologous chromosomes exchange DNA segments Mitosis Somatic Cell Diploid Meiosis Gamete Egg / Ovum Sperm Haploid Crossing Over

Fertilization Fertilization: The process in which one egg is fertilized by the winning sperm cell in a race that begins with 300 million sperm cells.